Socratic Seminar Questions

English 1-2 1984 Socratic Seminar Questions 3. Reading and writing for pleasure promotes independent thought, but it is not dangerous. It lets you express how you are really feeling inside. It is something private that you decide whether or not someone may look at it. In the beginning of the book 1984, Winston writes in his notebook. He hesitated about it for a while before he actually began writing. He let out what was going through his mind, it was going really well but then he suddenly stopped writing. The thought that he could get caught terrified him. Big Brother considers writing and reading for pleasure to be dangerous.If people were to read and write they would realize what has been going on, and this would bring an end to Big Brother. 4. Revisionism still exists today, and we have been victims of it without us even knowing. When we were younger we would learn about Christopher Columbus and how he sailed on three ships and how he reached the Americas were he kindly greeted th e Native Americans. But is this really what happened? What they didn’t tell us was how Columbus committed genocide. He deliberately slaughtered so many of these indigenous people. Him and his crew raped, tortured, burned, and killed these Natives.We have been victims of revisionist history. I do agree that knowledge of history is powerful. If you are able to control history, you control the past. In 1984 Winston works in the Ministry of Truth were he changes the history to make it seem like Big Brother is always right. That is why the people had a blind fold over their eyes. They couldn’t realize what was really going because of the rewriting of history. 6. Thought crime, according to the book 1984 is thinking of anything that the Thought Police and the Party says is illegal. Illegal is anything that creates individuality. Individuality for the party is not good.I do believe a form of â€Å"thoughtcrime† exists in our society today. We have our own way of thinki ng that might not go along with what society or the government believes. The government has laws that many people do not agree with. But we really can’t do anything about it. We have our own thoughts that the government may not like, but the government can’t do anything about that either. 5. In the book 1984 technology helps the Party control Oceania. Today technology functions through television, radio, phones, cameras, satellites, and the internet. I believe it is used for evil. Yes, technology an be very helpful, but is it really needed? Back in time people didn’t have much technology and they were still happy. Technology now a day is used for evil things. Many people cyber bully. Because of cyber bullying many children have committed suicide. This is what technology has led to. Music is also a big part in technology that is very influential in technology. The music we hear daily have messages behind them. Most of the music is about sex, revenge, getting drun k, doing drugs, and many other things. This is what our brain is recording, these messaged are in our head. That is why I think technology can be evil.

Globalization Of The American Style Fast Food - 900 Words

Globalization is one of the most popular issues that have been discussed through the world by the sociologist for decades.(James A. D, Dick. P, Yongseok Seo 2006) According to John Tomlinson’s (Tomlinson 2006) cognition of globalization. He interprets that: â€Å"Globalization is a complex process because it involves rapid social change that is occurring simultaneously across a number of dimensions – in the world economy, in politics, in communications, in the physical environment and in culture – and each of these transformations interact with the others.†(p. 1) As far as I am concerned, globalization is happening around daily life. For example, McDonalds, they start from a small restaurant in California to one of the world’s leading food service retailers, with more than 35000 restaurants in more than a hundred countries.(McDonald 2014) McDonalds spread the American style fast food worldwide. This can be seen as a globalization of food culture. Since the societies are becoming more and more alike nowadays and leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people afraid that globalization will lead to the loss of cultural identify while some think it can have a good impact on the societies. Based on the book《Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia》which indicates the advantages of the food globalization by providing the view that it is not only spreading the food culture but also blending with the locals and the documentary《Super SizeShow MoreRelatedHow Does Globalization Affect Cultural Traditions in the Arabic Communities?923 Words   |  4 PagesThe modern phenomena of globalization is having effects on Arab cultural traditions in Arab communities in many ways, like in language, education, media and customs. Globalization is making the world becoming a global village and the result is Arab communities cultural traditions are changing and are threaten to be lost . Globalization is not easy to define, but we can say it is process of integrating the worlds economies, trade, business and communications together. The problem is the cultureRead MoreGlobalization And The World Economy And Global Markets Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is often connected to the world economy and global markets. HoweverHowever, it is much deeper than economic exchange of goods; it also deals with people s lifestyles, culture, language, and identity. Many people support the ideology of globalization and believed it made the world a better place for global population by turning the whole globe into a well-connected village. However, the critics of globalization claim it made our world worse than ever before in the history, diminishingRead MoreEffects of Globalization Towards Our Culture721 Words   |  3 PagesHow does Globalization Affect Cultural traditions? Globalization is very synonym to us since the past few years. It can be defined as process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade. Globalization also has made a vast change in every angle of humans life and one of it is, our cultural tradition could be affected due to globalization process. Culture is what people eat, how they dress , beliefsRead MoreThe Healthy Mediterranean Diet Will Be Under Siege By Fast Food1608 Words   |  7 Pageshealthy Mediterranean diet will continue to be under siege by fast food which could see the healthiest people in the world become fat and more prone to diet-based diseases. As noted earlier, the problem of health and culture go together not only in Europe, but also in the Asian markets. Various countries in Asia have seen very similar results of what is happening in the Mediterranean. Many Asian nations have been invaded by the fast-food industry and have seen their culture and health decline. SpecificallyRead MoreCompetitive Strategies Government Policies Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesAlodeh ECO 365 February 4, 2013 Gregory Czarnecki McDonald’s The fast food industry is a highly competitive environment. For a leading chain such as McDonalds they always need to be thinking ahead about the competition and how the economy affects their industry. Although McDonalds is one of the biggest fast food chains they have to be aware of new companies entering in to the market, mergers, globalization, pricing, and how to continuously sustain their profits. By being aware of theseRead MoreNations Should Promote Localization, Not Globalization Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesDetermining the precise costs and benefits of both globalization and localization can be difficult. The difficult part is deciding which has the most beneficial or disturbing affect upon a country. If a country implements either theory - the outcomes will vary depending on the actions taken to implement them. Granted if the wrong concept is attempted in the wrong country, the affects it will have in the long run can be extremely harmful to the citizens of the cou ntry and all of its aspects. AndRead MoreDebate of Globalization Essay825 Words   |  4 Pages1. Globalization affects national sovereignty of both developing countries as well as developed countries. By sovereignty, we mean the independence of countries to make decisions and conduct policy in different areas like the economy, corporate and industry related legislation, environmental regulations, politics, etc. From the video, please provide one example each of how globalization infringes on the national sovereignty of, a) a developing country, and, b) a developed country? How, and throughRead MoreThe Lack Of Ethnic Food1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lack of Authenticity of Ethnic Foods in the U.S As the globalization progresses, there are increasing number of people expanding immigrate to other countries. At this point, the ethnic food also come with them into other countries. For example, the American fast-food chains, such as McDonald s and KFC, substantially adjust their menus, including by providing special items, into the non-US markets. Stern mentioned that the restaurant should depend on scrambling to come up with new dishes toRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The Western Culture3003 Words   |  13 Pageswebsites. With the help of today’s technology, globalization allows us to communicate almost anywhere in the world. Globalization is an ongoing process where different societies, cultures, and regional communities integrate through a worldwide network. Globalization allowed for a speeding up of the flows of goods, people, images, and ideas across the world. The media has impacted the way that the Western culture has predominantly shaped the world. Glob alization has affected a wide range of people; whateverRead MoreNegative Effects of Globalization677 Words   |  3 Pages Globalization refers to the absence of barriers that every country had. Yes, it has helped to demolish the walls that separated us .Globalization, which is the process of growing interdependence among every country in this planet, can be seen as a sign of hopeful and better future by some, but for others it represents a huge disaster for the whole world. That’s why we are going to see the negative effect that globalization has on culture then focus on the ethical disadvantage it brought

Family Tree and Genealogy of Actor James Stewart

Beloved American actor Jimmy Stewart was born to typical small-town roots in Indiana, Pennsylvania, where his father owned the local hardware store. His fathers Western Pennsylvania roots date back to 1772 when Jimmys third great-grandfather Fergus Moorhead first arrived in what is now Indiana County. His mothers roots also stretch back to 1770s Pennsylvania. First Generation James Maitland STEWART, the oldest and only son of Alexander Stewart and Elizabeth Ruth Jackson, was born on 20 May 1908 in his parents home at 975 Philadelphia Street in Indiana, Pennsylvania. The family soon expanded to include two sisters, Mary and Virginia. Jimmys father, Alex (pronounced Alec) owned the local hardware store in town, J.M. Stewart Co. Jimmy Stewart married Gloria Hatrick in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, on 9 August 1949. Second Generation (Parents) Alexander M. STEWART was born on 19 May 1872 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania and died 28 Dec 1961 in Indiana Co., PA.Elizabeth Ruth JACKSON was born on 16 Mar 1875 in Indiana Co., PA and died 2 Aug 1953. Alexander M. STEWART and Elizabeth Ruth JACKSON were married in Indiana Co., PA on 19 Dec 1906 and had the following children: Jimmy Maitland STEWARTMary Wilson STEWART was born in Indiana Co., PA in 1912Virginia Kelly STEWART was born in Indiana Co., PA in 1915 Third Generation (Grandparents): James Maitland STEWART was born in Pennsylvania on 24 May 1839 and died on 16 Mar 1932.Virginia KELLY was born in Pennsylvania about 1847 and died before 1888. James Maitland STEWART married twice. First, he married Virginia Kelly and they had the following children: Ralph STEWART was born in Pennsylvania on Oct 1869Alexander M. STEWARTErnest Taylor STEWART was born in Pennsylvania Sep 1874 Following the death of his first wife, Virginia, James Maitland STEWART married Martha A. about 1888. Samuel McCartney JACKSON was born in Sep 1833 in PennsylvaniaMary E. WILSON was born in Nov 1844 in Pennsylvania Samuel McCartney JACKSON and Mary E. WILSON were married about 1868, and had the following children: Mary Gertrude Jackson was born abt 1861 in PALizzie Virginia Jackson was born abt 1862 in PAFrank Wilson Jackson was born abt 1870 in PAJohn H. Jackson was born abt Aug 1873 in PAElizabeth Ruth JACKSONMary E Jackson was born abt 1877 in PAEmily L. Jackson was born abt Apr 1882 in PA

Mental Illness A Mental Disorder - 1033 Words

What is it like to live with a mental illness? A mental illness can be caused by a substance abuse, a hereditary problem, and injuries or defects related to the brain. Having a mental illness gives sensations and thoughts as if one were insane and in need of an asylum. Living with a mental illness is difficult because people tend to feel alone in the world. It truly is a sad and desperate feeling. Sometimes, it even seems to be the worst feeling in the world. Anxious feelings, or anxiety disorders, are a type of mental illnesses amongst others. Millions of people all around the world suffer from anxiety disorders. This disorder is an extremely common mental illnesses. These disorders create terrifying feelings in a person. They â€Å"cause†¦show more content†¦The mind is working nonstop, thinking and thinking and thinking, but at the same time, it feels as if the mind is blank and all that is felt is fear. Treatment is highly needed for severe panic disorders because they can lead to a loss of control in one’s life. The treatments for panic disorder are: drug medications and therapy, or â€Å"psychotherapy.† The medicines, which are most commonly used, are antidepressants, anti-anxiety, and rarely, also â€Å"beta-blockers.† These medications do help, but they can either begin working right away or in a few days, or weeks. Also, like any other medication, they have the typical side effects, such as: nausea and headaches. Someone who takes antidepressants needs to be observed strictly because side effects may be suicidal. Psychotherapy is just like any other therapy, in which the person is taught how to control their disorder and think differently (Nimh.nih.gov). Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, or OCD for short, is another anxiety disorder that has â€Å"repetitive, ritualized behaviors† that one feels forced to do. These behaviors have thoughts that tend to be â€Å"uncontrollable, unwanted† (Helpguide.org). These thoughts consist of inappropriate images, â€Å"extensive focus,† fear, superstitions, and perfection. This disorder is compulsive because the mind causes a person to repeatedly â€Å"react† to something in a desperate, compulsive way. Physical behaviors of this disorder are to excessively

The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 16 Free Essays

SHE COULD NOT THINK where she was when she awoke. She was sitting in a tall wooden chair, and a fire burned in a hearth not far from her outstretched feet; and she was in a hall so vast she could not see the ceiling. It was not until Luthe walked between her and the hearth, to lay another log on the fire, that she remembered all that had passed; and she sighed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He turned to her at once, his face still solemn and frowning. â€Å"Talat?† she said, as if he was always the first thing on her mind. Luthe, exasperated, said: â€Å"If you have so little faith in my ability to look after one fat, elderly, self-centered stallion, then I will show you proof.† He leaned over her again and picked her up, and strode out of the great grey hall. â€Å"I can walk,† said Aerin, with dignity. â€Å"No, you can’t,† said Luthe over the top of her head, â€Å"although at some date in the near future you will have the opportunity to relearn.† He set her down, finally, on her own feet, at the edge of a wide unfenced meadow; several brown cows grazed in it, and at its farthest edge she saw one or two deer raise their heads and look toward her; but they did not seem alarmed. Then she heard Talat’s great ringing neigh, and he galloped up to them, coming to a sliding halt at the last minute (Luthe muttered something that sounded like â€Å"Show-off†), and slobbered green and purple down her shirt. â€Å"Horses,† said Luthe with disgust; but she took a step away from his steadying hand to wrap an arm over Talat’s non-existent withers. â€Å"Here, then,† said Luthe. â€Å"You can be of some use.† He boosted her onto Talat’s well-rounded back and walked off. â€Å"This way,† he said over his shoulder, and Talat pricked his ears and followed docilely. But Luthe’s long legs covered the ground at a good pace, and Talat had to stretch himself to keep up, for he would lose his dignity if he broke into a trot; and so his ears eased half back in disapproval of so rude a speed. Aerin laughed her small half-laugh, that she would not cough. They came soon to the edge of a wide silver lake. Aerin blinked her dim eyes, for it was hard to determine where the land ended and the water began; the stones of the shore were a barely flatter, duller grey than the water’s gleaming surface. Talat stopped when his hoofs crunched on pebbles; it was the worst sort of footing for a horse with an unreliable leg. Luthe continued to the very edge of the water, and as he stopped just before he got his feet wet, the water gave a sudden little gloop and ripple, and a small outthrust finger of water reached out and splashed his toes. Luthe muttered something under his breath and the water replied by hunching itself up into ridges, and several tiny wave-edges crept humbly up the shoreline, but none quite touched his feet. â€Å"Here,† called Luthe. She slid off Talat’s back, but found within two steps that Luthe had been right, she really couldn’t walk. She sank down where she had been standing, and Talat crunched up beside her and lowered his nose for her hand, his ears saying anxiously, â€Å"It’s all my fault – I don’t really mind these wretched small stones – do please stand up again and I’ll carry you.† Then Luthe was kneeling beside her, and he lifted her in his arms again; his hands were wet to the elbows. He set her down, carefully, by the lake’s edge, and the water shouldered up in small ripples again, and flung itself up the stones toward her as if curious; but it did not quite touch her. Luthe dipped his hands into the water again, and held the leaky cup to her lips. â€Å"Drink,† he said. â€Å"Is this another sleeping draught?† she said, trying to smile; but he only looked sad and grim. â€Å"No,† he said. The water dripped on her leg, and its touch through the cloth was somehow personal, soothing like the hand of a friend. She drank awkwardly, over his thumb, and the water was silver, almost white, even against Luthe’s pale skin; and it was faintly sweet, and cold, and wild, somehow, wild with a wildness she could not put a name to beyond just that: wild. It seemed to course down her throat of its own volition, and foam up in her stomach. She looked up and met Luthe’s blue frowning gaze as he bowed over her and his cupped hands. She said, â€Å"What is – ? Not water,† and then he and the lake and the taste of the water on her tongue disappeared; but just before her mind spiraled away after them she felt hands clamp on her shoulders, wet hands, for she could feel the damp through her sleeves, and these hands dragged her to her feet, â€Å"Aerin,† came a voice from very far away, and then she no longer had feet, or ears either. Aerin. Her lungs were on fire like a swimmer’s too far underwater, and she clawed her way toward the surface, and toward the voice that still called her name; and it seemed that her face broke the surface of the water which held her, and for a moment she lay gasping. The voice again. Aerin. She opened her eyes, and she was not on the shores of a silver lake, though a tall man stood before her, calling her name, and offering her a goblet. Drink, he said. She reached to take the goblet; reached out to take it with her left hand, and noticed with mild surprise that the arm was unscarred and strong. Ah, she thought wisely, I am dreaming again; but she paused before she took the goblet, and looked around her. She stood in a wide chamber that at first she thought was round, till she realized the walls were straight, but that there were five of them. She looked up, and there was a heavy weight of bound hair on her head, and this preoccupied her, so she did not examine the strange clawed creatures that writhed, black and red and yellow, against that ceiling. She lowered her head again, puzzled, for she had never been in this room before, and yet its red walls seemed familiar to her. Drink, said the man again, and his voice was impatient. Drink. The goblet in his outstretched hand trembled very slightly, and she wondered why he was so eager for her to take the cup. She tried to look up into his face, but he wore a cloak with a hood, a red cloak, so bright that it hurt the eyes, and the hood was so deep she could not see the face within it. Drink, he said, half mad with impatience, and it occurred to her at last that this was not Luthe she stood before. Drink. Then she looked again at her left hand and arm, and she thought calmly. That is not my hand; this one is smaller, and the fingers are more delicate than ever mine were. She withdrew the hand, and put it to her head, and pulled a wisp of her hair free, and held it before her eyes. It was the color it had used to be, before Maur burned it; but the hairs of it were finer. Aerin, said the red man; you shall take this, and drink it. In a voice not hers she replied: No. But the voice despaired and the red man heard the despair, and thrust the goblet at her the more eagerly, knowing that he would succeed. Drink. Slowly, hopelessly, her left hand reached out again, and took the goblet, and held it to her lips; but she did not taste what was within it, for she heard her name again, and paused. Aerin. This was not the red man’s voice, but another one, familiar to her. Aerin. The voice was Luthe’s voice, and frantic. The red man heard it too, and whirled around; the cloak spun on his shoulders, but still she saw nothing of his face. Luthe! he cried. You shall not have her! Luthe’s voice laughed weakly. No, I won’t; but I shall have the other one; you shall not have them both. Then there was a roaring around her, and it seemed that the red walls of the five-sided chamber were angry red mouths; but then the red faded to grayness, and yet still the roaring went on; and suddenly the grayness was the grayness of stone walls, not the pale stone of Luthe’s hall, but the grey and darker grey and dull red and black of her City; but before its walls lay a desert plain, empty and barren, and three of the four monoliths that marked the City gates lay on their sides, and she saw no folk anywhere. She opened her mouth to scream, but her mouth filled with silver water, and she choked, and struck out with her hands; and felt sunlight on her face. Next she realized that she had a stiff neck; and then found she was stiff all over, from lying on †¦ rocks. No wonder she hurt. The dreams faded under the onslaught of the physical discomfort. She bent an elbow to prop herself up on, and then thought to open her eyes first. Trees, blue sky. Stones. She pulled herself up on the elbow. Stones, trees, blue sky. Lake. Luthe. He sat up beside her. â€Å"Ack,† he said, and stretched cautiously. He was soaking wet; it occurred to her then that she was too, although they were some distance from the water’s edge – nearer, in fact, to the trees. Then there was a familiar stomp and whiffle behind her, and she reached up without looking to encounter Talat’s silky cheek. Luthe was getting to his feet; he looked as stiff as she felt. He watched her inscrutably as she staggered to her feet and stood beside him. The lake’s surface was smooth as glass. It was strangely silent where they stood; she heard nothing but the distant chirp of a bird and the occasional whisk of Talat’s tail. Nothing. â€Å"I can breathe,† she whispered. â€Å"Ah,† said Luthe. â€Å"Yes, I hoped for that.† Then the cacophony of her dreams rushed back. The red man she discarded, but – â€Å"My City – â€Å" Luthe’s inscrutable look settled over his face as if it was there for life. â€Å"Later.† â€Å"Later? The end of my land, my City, my people? Later?† My land, a far-off thought said to her mockingly. My City. My people. â€Å"Yes, later,† he said gruffly. â€Å"It hasn’t happened yet, and your destiny lies elsewhere.† She stood rooted to the ground, staring at him. â€Å"My destiny lies elsewhere,† she said in a high voice. â€Å"My destiny has always lain †¦ elsewhere.† His face softened. â€Å"Yes, that’s true, but not quite the way you think. Come. I’ll tell you what I can – of what you need to know. We’ll have to hope it’s enough.† â€Å"It will have to be enough,† she said fiercely, and as he looked into her eyes they were golden from the flames of her dreams; and he feared then for what he had done. â€Å"I had no choice,† he murmured to himself, but Aerin, still fierce in her fear, said, â€Å"I can’t hear you. What are you saying?† Luthe shook his head. â€Å"Nothing that will do you any service to hear. Come, then. What has happened to you is not all bad.† How to cite The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 16, Essay examples

Sales Planning free essay sample

The delivery service which started with 3 bikes has now expanded to 3 delivery bikes and the crew has increased from 15 employees to 62 employees. With the demand expansion they have been able to increase the supply from 36000 donuts per month to 80000 donuts per months. With all these expansions they are now able to match the supply with demand avoiding customer disappointments. 1. 1. 2GNWD Cup Cake Concept ‘Cup cakes’ are a new product range introduced by GNWD to its customers in the recent past. As GNWD’s flagship product is donuts, the management have been considering in diversifying its product range in to cupcakes. Since there are no other challenging competitors in the market, GNWD believe that the Cup cake concept will be a better customer attraction for the business aided by its pre- built reputation for donuts. In tuning in this Cup Cake concept in to its existing donut market, GNWD has been making use of certain advertising mechanisms and personal selling techniques. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Following segment of research explains the mechanisms of advertising and personals selling used in effective Cup Cake promotions by GNWD. 1. 1. 3Cupcake Promotion Objectives Create awareness about cupcakes (since cupcakes is a new product) * Persuade customers to buy cup cakes. * Create a strong customer base for a good start Advertising amp; Personal Selling GNWD has different genres of target audiences for its cup cakes. They believe that applying a common advertising slogan or message on its customer who belongs to different age categories and statuses would certainly not create any effective consumer attraction. Approaching working staff in the exact tone of approaching teenagers will never be successful since different age categories has different mind sets in looking at and understanding things. Therefore, GNWD make use of different slogans and graphical illustrations for different audience categories. Also, GNWD had deviated from its traditional ‘Retail Outlet’ personal selling technique to more effective and creative techniques such as Order Takers amp; Order Creators. * Differing Advertising Slogans * Targeting shoppers-‘All shopping end with a cupcake’ is used as the slogan and this would attract the attention of shoppers create interest on cupcakes and there will be desire to buy cup cake while shopping and that will lead to an action to purchase a cupcake while shopping. Targeting teenagers-‘Go nuts with Cupcakes. Introducing Mr. Cupcakes† is used as the slogan in the promotion process for the teenagers and this would attract the attention of the teenagers and it would create intest and desire purchase cup cakes. They would be motivated to purchase cupcakes with the pocket money they get from their parents. * Targeting office workers-‘It is time to have a break. Enjoy a cake’ is used as the slogan and this would get the attention of the office workers creating interest and desire inside them to enjoy a cupcake while on work when they leave office in the evening. 1. 1. Mixing Advertising amp; Personal Selling In the most common scenario, GNWD exploit only personal selling in selling its products. As mentioned above, in entering in to the market with a new phase, GNWD decided to diversify its personal selling techniques in to two different ways blended with advertising. * Order Takers:is the traditional sales force used at retail outlets in selling its products. In this scenario, how advertising is being used is that graphical representation advertising such as tripod banners, posters and digital signage solutions in illustrating persuasive information about GNWD cup cakes. Order Creators:is the sales force allocated in creating sales opportunities by negotiating with its customers. Such sales force will be included with sales representatives who negotiate with hotels, schools, cafes, companies amp; etc in person to convince its buyers to purchase cup cakes from GNWD in including them in their cafeterias. Most frequently, these negotiations happens over E- Mails where the sales representatives attach product catalogues of GNWD for advertising.

Lab Report Sample

Lab Report Paper To conduct a vive analysis, samples are oven dried tort at least 24 hours. The soil is placed and shaken through a stack of sieves with openings of decreasing size from top to bottom. The mass of particles retained in each sieve is determined. Results showed that the particle-?size distribution curve of coarse aggregate is characterized by a steep curve. This means the coarse aggregate is poorly or uniformly graded with small variation in size Particle-size distribution curve of fine aggregate is characterized by an S-curve. It is well graded and has a gradation of particle size that spans evenly the size from coarsest to finest. Conclusions drawn from the interpretation of the particle-size distribution curve is supported by computed coefficients Of uniformity and gradation Which is 6. 79 and 1. 03 for (well graded) fine aggregates, and 1. 57 and 1. 05 for (poorly graded) coarse aggregate. Significance of the Experiment Particle size analysis is important because it determines the soil gradation, which is an indicator of other soil properties such as compressibility, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity. A poorly graded soil will have better drainage because of more void spaces. A well graded soil is able to be compacted more than a poorly graded soil. Standard Reference ASTM CLC 36-06 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. Pennsylvania, US: ASTM International, 2006. I. OBJECTIVES After performing this test, the students are expected to: 1. Determine the percentages of various size fraction on the basis of the total mass of the initial dry sample. 2. Determine effective grain size after plotting particle size distribution curve (percent finer versus particle diameter in millimeter). . Calculate coefficient of uniformity and curvature and classify aggregates into well graded or poorly graded aggregates based on given criteria or these two parameters. II. EXPERT MENTAL PROCEDURE A. Materials and Equipment Sieves No. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100, and 200 for fine aggregates Sieves No. I-IM 3/4- IM, 1/2-in. , and 3/8-in, for coarse aggregates Balance accurate to C, I-g for fine and 0. 5 for coarse aggregates Oven Brush B. Methodology 1. Preparation of the Soil Sample. Minimum of 300-g fine and 5-keg coarse aggregates are obtained. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These samples are both oven dried for at least 24 hours. 2. Preparation of Equipment. All mass of sieves including the pan are determined. Then, sieves are nested in order Of decreasing size Of opening from top to bottom. . Sieving. The sample is placed in top sieve. The sieves are agitated by hand in a vertical and lateral motion. 4. For course aggregates, the sample is split into two or more batches, sieving each batch individually. The mass of the several batches retained on a specific sieve are combined before calculating the percentage of the sample on the sieve. . Sieving is continued for a sufficient period and in such manner that not more than 1 % by mass of the material retained on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during 1 minute of continuous hand sieving. 6. The mass of each size increment is determined on balance. The total mass of the material after sieving should check closely with original mass of sample placed on the sieves. NOTE: If the amounts differ by mor e than 0. 3 based on the original dry sample mass, the results should not be used tort acceptance purposes. C. Data Analysis l. The mass of soil retained in each sieve is computed by getting the difference of mass of sieve with the retained soil, and the product of no of batches made and the mass of sieves. 2, The percent retained is computed by getting the ratio of mass of retained soil on each sieve, and the initial mass of the sample. 3. The recent finer is computed by getting the sum of mass of soil retained on smaller sieves, subtracting it from the total mass of sample, and dividing the sum by the total mass times 100. 4. Percent finer is plotted on y-axis while the particle size diameter in logarithmic scale is plotted on x-axis. A curve connecting the points is drawn. Logarithmic scale is used to represent grain size information that typically spans many orders of magnitude. 5. Important parameters in computing coefficient Of curvature and uniformity such as effective grain size (DID), DID, and 060 are determined from the particle size distribution curve for fine and coarse aggregates. Ill. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT Particle-Size Distribution Curve and Determination of 060, 030, and DISC Figure 1. Particle-Size Distribution Curve (Fine Aggregates) Figure 2. Particle-Size Distribution Curve (Coarse Aggregates) lb. DISCUSSION Effective Grain Size (DID). It represents a grain diameter for which of the sample will be finer than it. It can be used to estimate the permeability. The effective grain sizes in fine and coarse aggregate in this test are C. 14 mm and 10. 4 mm respectively. These values are obtained from the particle size distribution curve shown in Figures I and 2. Coefficient of Gradation (C). This parameter (also called as coefficient Of curvature) can be expressed as: where; DISC, 030, and DID the particle-size diameters corresponding to 10, 30, and 60 respectively, passing on the cumulative particle-size distribution curve. Fine and coarse aggregates are thought to be well graded fiftieth coefficient of curvature (C) is between 1 and 3. The calculated coefficient of gradation is 1. 03 for fine and 1. 05 for coarse aggregates. Coefficient of gradation is only one criterion in grading aggregates. Gradation also considers uniformity coefficient which will be discussed in next section. Uniformity Coefficient (Cue). This is defined as ratio of the diameter of a particle of a size that is retained in sieve that allows 60% of the material to pass through, to the diameter of a particle of a size that is retained in a sieve that allows of the material to pass through. This can be simply expressed as: An aggregate is thought to be well graded if the coefficient of uniformity (Cue) is greater than 4 for coarse (gravel) and 6 for fine aggregate (sand). Calculated values for this parameter are 6. 59 and 1. 57 for fine and coarse aggregate. Classification. Coarse aggregate is composed mainly Of gravel and crushed stones which pass 3-inches sieve but are retained on No. 4 sieve. Fine aggregates is mostly sand Which passes NO. 4 sieve but are retained on NO. 200 sieve. The experiment showed that the samples used are poorly graded gravel and well- graded sand. Both Of the aggregate pass the criteria for coefficient Of gradation which value should lie between 1 and 3. Fine aggregate is well graded sand with uniformity coefficient greater than 6. Coarse aggregate coefficient of uniformity is very small and did not exceed 4. Coarse aggregate sample is poorly graded ravel. V. LABORATORY SUGGESTIONS Suggestions for Laboratory Improvement Here are some of my personal suggestions that I believe will help in improving the laboratory: Acquire New Lab Materials/Repair Old Materials. Some of the materials in the laboratory really need repair or replacement. Use and borrowing of some materials and equipment are sometimes on a first-come, first served basis because of limited availability. VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Coarse aggregate is composed mainly Of gravel and crushed stones While fine aggregate is composed of sand. Particle-size distribution curve of coarse aggregate is characterized by a Steep curve. This means the coarse aggregate is poorly graded (uniformly graded) and has small variation in size. Particle-size distribution curve Of fine aggregate is characterized by an S-curve. Fine aggregate is well graded and has a gradation of particle size that spans evenly the size from coarsest to finest. This conclusion is supported by computed coefficients of uniformity and gradation which is 6. 79 and 1. 03 for (well graded) fine aggregates, and 1. 57 and 1. 05 for (poorly graded) coarse aggregate. Manual sieving procedures can be ineffective because the amount of energy seed to sieve the sample is varying. Lab Report Sample Lab Report Paper Osmosis happens when water diffuses across the membrane from the region of lower solute concentration (higher free water concentration) to that of higher solute concentration (lower free water concentration) until the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane is equal. (Reese, 2011). Active Transport is the type of transport of molecules where energy is supplied to the transporter system to transport in the direction opposite to a concentration gradient. (Hickman, 2008). The objectives of our experiments are to characterize the plasma membrane and to differentiate diffusion, osmosis and active rainspout. II. Methodology A. Structure of the Plasma Membrane i. We mixed 5 ml of water and cooking oil into a test tube by shaking it. Then we observed the mixture as it settles for five minutes. We shook the test tube again and took a sample into a slide before it settled. We observed it under the LOOP of the compound microscope. Ii. We placed cooking oil into a Petri dish, and dropped an egg solution into it. We observed it for a formation of a membrane, then puncturing it. Iii. We placed the evaporated milk in a beaker until it is % full and heat it. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We then observe the formation of milk skin at the top. Second is to remove the milk skin and heat again. Observe what happens. B. Selective action of the Plasma Membrane i. We prepared three test tubes, L abele accordingly, with Mil of aqueous yeast suspension and three drops of Congo red solution. We added 4 drops of 40% formalin into the first test tube, heated the second one, and let the third stand as it is. We each took a drop of each in a slide and observed it. Ii. We placed 10 ml of alkaline yeast suspension in a 100 ml beaker then added 10 ml of Neutral red Solution. After observing it, we filtered 5 ml of the mixture through a filter paper o separate the yeast from the liquid. C. Permeability i. Diffusion a. We placed a pinch of Potassium Permanganate (Km) and Methyl-blue crystals on top of an agar that was in a Petri Dish. B. We filled up a test tube with a collision solution and slowly rotate it until a thin film covers the entire inner surface of the test tube. We placed the test tube in a rack in an inverted position to let it dry. After ten minutes, we removed the collision gently and slowly with the use of water. We poured in a part of 50% glucose and 2 parts of starch solution. We tied the end of the collision and rinsed its outside. We let it soak in a ml beaker containing ml water and ml 2% iodine. After two minutes, we took samples of the solution and tested it with iodine potassium iodide, for testing the presence of starch, and Benedicts solution, for the presence of Glucose. Ii. Hemolytic and Creation of Red Blood cells. We prepared three slides with 1-3 labels. Then, we paced a drop of 0. 9% Nasal on the first, 10% Nasal to the second and a drop of distilled water on the third. Then we had a volunteer to put a drop of his blood to each of the slides. Then we covered the slides with a cover slip and viewed it under the microscope. Ill. Results and Discussion i. When we mixed the oil and water, it assumed a yellowish-whitish color which gradually separates from each other. And when we viewed the mixture under the microscope, the image that it showed was bubbles, water molecules, which are not really mixed in the oil. Ii. The egg solution Looked like a bubble in the oil. Then when we ruptured its membrane, the egg solution spreads in the oil. And it formed another membrane- like envelope. Iii. After we removed the first skin that formed, another skin formed. The skin is formed due to the chemical reaction hat affects the structure of proteins and fat molecules. When water evaporates from milk during heating, the milks protein and fat molecules become more condensed on the surface. B. Selective action of the Plasma Membrane i. The results of this experiment are in a table below. Test Tube # Content/Procedures Observations Alkaline yeast suspension, Congo Red solution and formalin. The mixture had a dark reddish-violet color. 2 Alkaline yeast suspension and Congo Red solution heated on an alcohol lamp. As we were heating it, the mixture darkened slightly, a few shades darker than the third. Alkaline yeast suspension and Congo Red solution left as it was. This was left as it is and has a bright red solution. Ii. When we mixed the alkaline yeast suspension with the red solution, the Neutral red solution assumed a dark red color. When we filtered the yeast, the cells in the filter paper have a deep red color and the residual solution has a ye llowish-orange color. The color of an acidic solution is Red, while a basic solution is yellow-orange. The cells affected the extracurricular fluid, such that the basic Ph level of the suspension was affected. Since the yeast cells are very acidic, even in basic solutions, it goes through diffusion until the whole solution is in equilibrium. When we filtered the cells, the alkaline solution went bank to its original basic nature. C. Permeability a. When we placed the Km, which originally has a blackish-brown color, it diffuses in the agar acquiring a purple color. And after some more time, it became reddish-orange color. While the Methyl blue crystals diffused at a much slower rate. It has a deep blue color. Just like in an Agar, Small molecules can pass through the cell membrane by diffusing themselves into the membrane. The rate of diffusion is faster with compounds of low molecular weight, while it is slower with compound with a high molecular weight. B. Observations: Time Test for presence of Starch Test for presence of glucose After two minutes Negative. The mixture did not have any color change. Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a bluish-brown color. After four minutes Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a brown color. After six minutes Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a reddish-brown color. Since all results are negative, there were no molecules that passed through the collision. But there was an observed change in color with the Benedicts test. Ii. Hemolytic and Creation of Red Blood cells The first slide gave an image of an equal coloration of yellow and red. Then the second one showed an image with a red cell with some yellow. While the last gave an image of red with a larger area of yellow. Blood cells have a 0. 9% Nasal in their intracellular fluids. The first slide is Isotonic because the extracurricular and intracellular fluids are in osmotic equilibrium.