Lab Report Sample

Lab Report Paper To conduct a vive analysis, samples are oven dried tort at least 24 hours. The soil is placed and shaken through a stack of sieves with openings of decreasing size from top to bottom. The mass of particles retained in each sieve is determined. Results showed that the particle-?size distribution curve of coarse aggregate is characterized by a steep curve. This means the coarse aggregate is poorly or uniformly graded with small variation in size Particle-size distribution curve of fine aggregate is characterized by an S-curve. It is well graded and has a gradation of particle size that spans evenly the size from coarsest to finest. Conclusions drawn from the interpretation of the particle-size distribution curve is supported by computed coefficients Of uniformity and gradation Which is 6. 79 and 1. 03 for (well graded) fine aggregates, and 1. 57 and 1. 05 for (poorly graded) coarse aggregate. Significance of the Experiment Particle size analysis is important because it determines the soil gradation, which is an indicator of other soil properties such as compressibility, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity. A poorly graded soil will have better drainage because of more void spaces. A well graded soil is able to be compacted more than a poorly graded soil. Standard Reference ASTM CLC 36-06 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. Pennsylvania, US: ASTM International, 2006. I. OBJECTIVES After performing this test, the students are expected to: 1. Determine the percentages of various size fraction on the basis of the total mass of the initial dry sample. 2. Determine effective grain size after plotting particle size distribution curve (percent finer versus particle diameter in millimeter). . Calculate coefficient of uniformity and curvature and classify aggregates into well graded or poorly graded aggregates based on given criteria or these two parameters. II. EXPERT MENTAL PROCEDURE A. Materials and Equipment Sieves No. 4, 8, 16, 30, 50, 100, and 200 for fine aggregates Sieves No. I-IM 3/4- IM, 1/2-in. , and 3/8-in, for coarse aggregates Balance accurate to C, I-g for fine and 0. 5 for coarse aggregates Oven Brush B. Methodology 1. Preparation of the Soil Sample. Minimum of 300-g fine and 5-keg coarse aggregates are obtained. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These samples are both oven dried for at least 24 hours. 2. Preparation of Equipment. All mass of sieves including the pan are determined. Then, sieves are nested in order Of decreasing size Of opening from top to bottom. . Sieving. The sample is placed in top sieve. The sieves are agitated by hand in a vertical and lateral motion. 4. For course aggregates, the sample is split into two or more batches, sieving each batch individually. The mass of the several batches retained on a specific sieve are combined before calculating the percentage of the sample on the sieve. . Sieving is continued for a sufficient period and in such manner that not more than 1 % by mass of the material retained on any individual sieve will pass that sieve during 1 minute of continuous hand sieving. 6. The mass of each size increment is determined on balance. The total mass of the material after sieving should check closely with original mass of sample placed on the sieves. NOTE: If the amounts differ by mor e than 0. 3 based on the original dry sample mass, the results should not be used tort acceptance purposes. C. Data Analysis l. The mass of soil retained in each sieve is computed by getting the difference of mass of sieve with the retained soil, and the product of no of batches made and the mass of sieves. 2, The percent retained is computed by getting the ratio of mass of retained soil on each sieve, and the initial mass of the sample. 3. The recent finer is computed by getting the sum of mass of soil retained on smaller sieves, subtracting it from the total mass of sample, and dividing the sum by the total mass times 100. 4. Percent finer is plotted on y-axis while the particle size diameter in logarithmic scale is plotted on x-axis. A curve connecting the points is drawn. Logarithmic scale is used to represent grain size information that typically spans many orders of magnitude. 5. Important parameters in computing coefficient Of curvature and uniformity such as effective grain size (DID), DID, and 060 are determined from the particle size distribution curve for fine and coarse aggregates. Ill. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT Particle-Size Distribution Curve and Determination of 060, 030, and DISC Figure 1. Particle-Size Distribution Curve (Fine Aggregates) Figure 2. Particle-Size Distribution Curve (Coarse Aggregates) lb. DISCUSSION Effective Grain Size (DID). It represents a grain diameter for which of the sample will be finer than it. It can be used to estimate the permeability. The effective grain sizes in fine and coarse aggregate in this test are C. 14 mm and 10. 4 mm respectively. These values are obtained from the particle size distribution curve shown in Figures I and 2. Coefficient of Gradation (C). This parameter (also called as coefficient Of curvature) can be expressed as: where; DISC, 030, and DID the particle-size diameters corresponding to 10, 30, and 60 respectively, passing on the cumulative particle-size distribution curve. Fine and coarse aggregates are thought to be well graded fiftieth coefficient of curvature (C) is between 1 and 3. The calculated coefficient of gradation is 1. 03 for fine and 1. 05 for coarse aggregates. Coefficient of gradation is only one criterion in grading aggregates. Gradation also considers uniformity coefficient which will be discussed in next section. Uniformity Coefficient (Cue). This is defined as ratio of the diameter of a particle of a size that is retained in sieve that allows 60% of the material to pass through, to the diameter of a particle of a size that is retained in a sieve that allows of the material to pass through. This can be simply expressed as: An aggregate is thought to be well graded if the coefficient of uniformity (Cue) is greater than 4 for coarse (gravel) and 6 for fine aggregate (sand). Calculated values for this parameter are 6. 59 and 1. 57 for fine and coarse aggregate. Classification. Coarse aggregate is composed mainly Of gravel and crushed stones which pass 3-inches sieve but are retained on No. 4 sieve. Fine aggregates is mostly sand Which passes NO. 4 sieve but are retained on NO. 200 sieve. The experiment showed that the samples used are poorly graded gravel and well- graded sand. Both Of the aggregate pass the criteria for coefficient Of gradation which value should lie between 1 and 3. Fine aggregate is well graded sand with uniformity coefficient greater than 6. Coarse aggregate coefficient of uniformity is very small and did not exceed 4. Coarse aggregate sample is poorly graded ravel. V. LABORATORY SUGGESTIONS Suggestions for Laboratory Improvement Here are some of my personal suggestions that I believe will help in improving the laboratory: Acquire New Lab Materials/Repair Old Materials. Some of the materials in the laboratory really need repair or replacement. Use and borrowing of some materials and equipment are sometimes on a first-come, first served basis because of limited availability. VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Coarse aggregate is composed mainly Of gravel and crushed stones While fine aggregate is composed of sand. Particle-size distribution curve of coarse aggregate is characterized by a Steep curve. This means the coarse aggregate is poorly graded (uniformly graded) and has small variation in size. Particle-size distribution curve Of fine aggregate is characterized by an S-curve. Fine aggregate is well graded and has a gradation of particle size that spans evenly the size from coarsest to finest. This conclusion is supported by computed coefficients of uniformity and gradation which is 6. 79 and 1. 03 for (well graded) fine aggregates, and 1. 57 and 1. 05 for (poorly graded) coarse aggregate. Manual sieving procedures can be ineffective because the amount of energy seed to sieve the sample is varying. Lab Report Sample Lab Report Paper Osmosis happens when water diffuses across the membrane from the region of lower solute concentration (higher free water concentration) to that of higher solute concentration (lower free water concentration) until the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane is equal. (Reese, 2011). Active Transport is the type of transport of molecules where energy is supplied to the transporter system to transport in the direction opposite to a concentration gradient. (Hickman, 2008). The objectives of our experiments are to characterize the plasma membrane and to differentiate diffusion, osmosis and active rainspout. II. Methodology A. Structure of the Plasma Membrane i. We mixed 5 ml of water and cooking oil into a test tube by shaking it. Then we observed the mixture as it settles for five minutes. We shook the test tube again and took a sample into a slide before it settled. We observed it under the LOOP of the compound microscope. Ii. We placed cooking oil into a Petri dish, and dropped an egg solution into it. We observed it for a formation of a membrane, then puncturing it. Iii. We placed the evaporated milk in a beaker until it is % full and heat it. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We then observe the formation of milk skin at the top. Second is to remove the milk skin and heat again. Observe what happens. B. Selective action of the Plasma Membrane i. We prepared three test tubes, L abele accordingly, with Mil of aqueous yeast suspension and three drops of Congo red solution. We added 4 drops of 40% formalin into the first test tube, heated the second one, and let the third stand as it is. We each took a drop of each in a slide and observed it. Ii. We placed 10 ml of alkaline yeast suspension in a 100 ml beaker then added 10 ml of Neutral red Solution. After observing it, we filtered 5 ml of the mixture through a filter paper o separate the yeast from the liquid. C. Permeability i. Diffusion a. We placed a pinch of Potassium Permanganate (Km) and Methyl-blue crystals on top of an agar that was in a Petri Dish. B. We filled up a test tube with a collision solution and slowly rotate it until a thin film covers the entire inner surface of the test tube. We placed the test tube in a rack in an inverted position to let it dry. After ten minutes, we removed the collision gently and slowly with the use of water. We poured in a part of 50% glucose and 2 parts of starch solution. We tied the end of the collision and rinsed its outside. We let it soak in a ml beaker containing ml water and ml 2% iodine. After two minutes, we took samples of the solution and tested it with iodine potassium iodide, for testing the presence of starch, and Benedicts solution, for the presence of Glucose. Ii. Hemolytic and Creation of Red Blood cells. We prepared three slides with 1-3 labels. Then, we paced a drop of 0. 9% Nasal on the first, 10% Nasal to the second and a drop of distilled water on the third. Then we had a volunteer to put a drop of his blood to each of the slides. Then we covered the slides with a cover slip and viewed it under the microscope. Ill. Results and Discussion i. When we mixed the oil and water, it assumed a yellowish-whitish color which gradually separates from each other. And when we viewed the mixture under the microscope, the image that it showed was bubbles, water molecules, which are not really mixed in the oil. Ii. The egg solution Looked like a bubble in the oil. Then when we ruptured its membrane, the egg solution spreads in the oil. And it formed another membrane- like envelope. Iii. After we removed the first skin that formed, another skin formed. The skin is formed due to the chemical reaction hat affects the structure of proteins and fat molecules. When water evaporates from milk during heating, the milks protein and fat molecules become more condensed on the surface. B. Selective action of the Plasma Membrane i. The results of this experiment are in a table below. Test Tube # Content/Procedures Observations Alkaline yeast suspension, Congo Red solution and formalin. The mixture had a dark reddish-violet color. 2 Alkaline yeast suspension and Congo Red solution heated on an alcohol lamp. As we were heating it, the mixture darkened slightly, a few shades darker than the third. Alkaline yeast suspension and Congo Red solution left as it was. This was left as it is and has a bright red solution. Ii. When we mixed the alkaline yeast suspension with the red solution, the Neutral red solution assumed a dark red color. When we filtered the yeast, the cells in the filter paper have a deep red color and the residual solution has a ye llowish-orange color. The color of an acidic solution is Red, while a basic solution is yellow-orange. The cells affected the extracurricular fluid, such that the basic Ph level of the suspension was affected. Since the yeast cells are very acidic, even in basic solutions, it goes through diffusion until the whole solution is in equilibrium. When we filtered the cells, the alkaline solution went bank to its original basic nature. C. Permeability a. When we placed the Km, which originally has a blackish-brown color, it diffuses in the agar acquiring a purple color. And after some more time, it became reddish-orange color. While the Methyl blue crystals diffused at a much slower rate. It has a deep blue color. Just like in an Agar, Small molecules can pass through the cell membrane by diffusing themselves into the membrane. The rate of diffusion is faster with compounds of low molecular weight, while it is slower with compound with a high molecular weight. B. Observations: Time Test for presence of Starch Test for presence of glucose After two minutes Negative. The mixture did not have any color change. Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a bluish-brown color. After four minutes Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a brown color. After six minutes Negative. But after heating the Solution, the mixture had a reddish-brown color. Since all results are negative, there were no molecules that passed through the collision. But there was an observed change in color with the Benedicts test. Ii. Hemolytic and Creation of Red Blood cells The first slide gave an image of an equal coloration of yellow and red. Then the second one showed an image with a red cell with some yellow. While the last gave an image of red with a larger area of yellow. Blood cells have a 0. 9% Nasal in their intracellular fluids. The first slide is Isotonic because the extracurricular and intracellular fluids are in osmotic equilibrium.

In the park Essays

In the park Essays In the park Paper In the park Paper Gwen Harwoods In the park is a poem about a lonely woman sitting in a park with her children, while a man she once loved passes by. The poem is set in Petrarchan sonnet form, with the first eight lines showing us the womans trouble and problem. However in the last six lines we see that the woman and this man will never re ignite, the last lines offer the solution to the problem. The title in this poem is very plain and almost reflects the woman and her life. Harwood begins the poem with an image of a poor woman with out of date clothes; this is a powerful impression on the reader as it immediately states that she is probably poor. The womans children whine and bicker which shows us that she may have lost interest in her children and is not giving them enough attention as they tug her skirt. Another child is very bored with herself that is shown through drawing aimless patterns in the dirt, this notion of boredom reflects directly on the life on the disheartened woman. The last line is very important, it shows us that that the woman has no self-confidence and no will to change things either. The line also shows the reader that she once had a real relationship with a man. The enjambment over the first to second stanza creates a wonderful effect as the reader sees it as too late to do anything but if one was to read on they would realise the actual meaning of the sentence as too late to feign indifference to that casual nod. In the second stanza, the womans self esteem really shows as she suggest her thoughts and self pity as she imagines a speech bubble rising from the mans head almost to say thank god I did not end up like her. The speech bubble is an important part of this poem as it suggests the womans imagination of what could have been. The cartoon-like bubble can be interpreted by the reader in one of two ways, either it is the woman thinking about what the man is thinking or it is the actual reader seeing that from the narrator, this effect brings depth into the poem which in turn makes it more effective. This image of self-pity relates to the plainness in her life and the way she takes no interest in her children, the woman has almost become reckless and careless with her life and her childrens. This slight conversation between man and woman hints at the reader that there could be a budding relationship, Harwood seems to be presenting us with the typical Petrarchan Sonnet problem by offering that these two could be a couple. In the last stanza, the man and the woman converse about the children and how they have grown, but this conversation seems to be only the polite chatter and not a heart felt one. This stanza gives us the answer to the problem presented about these two possible lovers. As the man begins to walk away, the woman is still speaking; this is a great symbolisation of what has been happening to the woman her whole life. It is as if the woman has never finished anything off and suggests that she usually is trying to bring things together and putting the last word in. After the man has left her presence, the woman is nursing the youngest child and shows the reader the real reason for most of her woes. She speaks to the wind, which again reflects her state of mind and refers to her children, they have eaten me alive. This last line of the poem is a powerful image of blame, not on her but on others. Harwoods in the park portrays a woman whose life is in a downward spiral and becoming lifeless. The woman in the poem who is suggestively not named has been in love but is now out of it. The poem shows the reader how the womans continuous negative output seems to upset all people around her.

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald, born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author whose works became synonymous with the Jazz Age. He moved in the major artistic circles of his day but failed to garner widespread critical acclaim until after his death at the age of 44. Fast Facts: F. Scott Fitzgerald Full Name: Francis Scott Key FitzgeraldKnown For:  American authorBorn:  September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, MinnesotaDied:  December 21, 1940 in Hollywood, CaliforniaSpouse:  Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald (m. 1920-1940)Children:  Frances Scottie Fitzgerald (b. 1921)Education: Princeton UniversityNotable Works: This Side of Paradise, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Early Life F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, to a well-off upper-middle-class family. His parents were Edward Fitzgerald, a former Marylander who moved north after the Civil War, and Molly Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who made a fortune in the grocery industry. Fitzgerald was named after his distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, who famously wrote â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner.† Only a few months before his birth, two of his sisters died suddenly. The family did not spend his early life in Minnesota, however. Edward Fitzgerald worked mostly for Proctor and Gamble, so the Fitzgeralds spent most of their time living in upstate New York and in West Virginia, following Edward’s job demands. Nevertheless, the family lived quite comfortably, thanks to a wealthy aunt and Molly’s inheritance from her own rich family. Fitzgerald was sent to Catholic schools and proved to be a bright student with a particular interest in literature. In 1908, Edward Fitzgerald lost his job and the family returned to Minnesota. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was 15 he was sent away from home to attend a prestigious Catholic prep school, the Newman School, in New Jersey. College, Romances, and Military Life After graduating from Newman in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue working on his writing, rather than returning to Minnesota. He attended Princeton and became heavily involved with the literary scene on campus, writing for several publications and even joining a theatre troupe, the Princeton Triangle Club. During a visit back to St. Paul in 1915, Fitzgerald met Ginevra King, a debutante from Chicago, and they began a two-year romance. They conducted their romance mostly through letters, and she was reportedly the inspiration for some of his most iconic characters, including The Great Gatsby’s Daisy Buchanan. In 1917, their relationship ended, but Fitzgerald kept the letters she’d written to him; after his death, his daughter sent them to King, who kept them and never showed them to anyone. F. Scott Fitzgerald in his military uniform in 1918; he never saw action in the war.   Time Life Pictures / Getty Images Fitzgerald’s writing-related activities took up the bulk of his time, which meant he neglected his actual studies to the point of being on academic probation. In 1917, he officially dropped out of Princeton and joined the Army instead, as the U.S. was just joining World War I. He was stationed under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower, whom he despised, and feared that he would die in the war without ever having become a published author. The war ended in 1918, before Fitzgerald was ever actually deployed overseas. New York and Europe in the Jazz Age While stationed in Alabama, Fitzgerald met Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state Supreme Court justice and a Montgomery socialite. They fell in love and became engaged, but she broke it off, worried that he would be unable to support them financially. Fitzgerald revised his first novel, which became This Side of Paradise; it sold in 1919 and was published in 1920, becoming a quick success. As a direct result, he and Zelda were able to resume their engagement and were married that same year in New York City at St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Their only daughter, Frances Scott Fitzgerald (known as â€Å"Scottie†) was born in October 1921. The Fitzgeralds became staples of New York society, as well as the American expatriate community in Paris. Fitzgerald formed a close friendship with Ernest Hemingway, but they came into conflict over the subject of Zelda, who Hemingway openly hated and believed was holding Fitzgerald’s career back. During this time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories, since only his first novel was a financial success during his lifetime. He wrote The Great Gatsby in 1925, but although it’s regarded as his masterpiece now, it was not a success until after his death. Much of his writing was tied to the â€Å"Lost Generation,† a phrase coined to describe the disillusionment in post-WWI years and often associated with the group of expatriate artists with which Fitzgerald mingled. Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald, circa 1921. Time Life Pictures / Getty Images   In 1926, Fitzgerald had his first movie offer: to write a flapper comedy for the United Artists studio. The Fitzgeralds moved to Hollywood, but after Fitzgerald’s affair with actress Lois Moran, their marital difficulties necessitated a move back to New York. There, Fitzgerald began working on a fourth novel, but his heavy drinking, financial difficulties, and Zelda’s declining physical and mental health got in the way. By 1930, Zelda was suffering from schizophrenia, and Fitzgerald had her hospitalized in 1932. When she published her own semi-autobiographical novel, Save Me the Waltz, in 1932, Fitzgerald was furious, insisting that their lives together were â€Å"material† that only he could write about; he even managed to get edits made to her manuscript before publication. Later Years and Death In 1937, after Zelda’s final hospitalization, Fitzgerald found himself financially unable to decline an offer from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to move to Hollywood and write exclusively for their studio. During that time, he had a high-profile live-in affair with gossip columnist Sheilah Graham, and he wrote a series of short stories mocking himself as a Hollywood hack. His hard living began to catch up with him, as he had been an alcoholic for decades. Fitzgerald claimed to suffer from tuberculosis–which he very well may have–and he suffered at least one heart attack by the end of the 1930s. On December 21, 1940, Fitzgerald suffered another heart attack at his home with Graham. He died almost instantly, aged 44. His body was taken back to Maryland for a private funeral. Since he was no longer a practicing Catholic, the Church refused to allow him a burial in the Catholic cemetery; he was instead interred at Rockville Union Cemetery. Zelda died eight years later, in a fire at the asylum where she was living, and she was buried next to him. They remained there until 1975, when their daughter Scottie successfully petitioned to have their remains moved to the family plot at the Catholic cemetery. Legacy Fitzgerald left behind an unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, as well as a prolific output of short stories and four completed novels. In the years after his death, his work became more praised and more popular than it ever was during his life, especially The Great Gatsby. Today, he’s regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Sources Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.Curnutt, Kirk, ed. A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Argentinas Foreign Debt Restructuring - Essay Example This paper envisages analyzing the causes and effects of the actions of the political leaders that left to this situation and the circumstances under which the various classes of creditors of the country were forced to accept the proposals put forth by the Argentine president for the settlement of the outstanding debts of the country. It is important to understand the extent, scope, and coverage of the definitions of the foreign debt and domestic debt before a meaningful financial analysis of the restructuring of the foreign debt by the country Argentina may be undertaken. According to an economic definition, â€Å"foreign debt is only the debt by non-residents, regardless of whether the debt is in local or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. Conversely, domestic debt is debt by residents regardless of whether the debt is in local or foreign currency, whether it is issued at home or abroad. So a Brady held by an Argentine resident is domestic debt while a Let's held by a foreign investor is foreign debt.† It is to be understood that the economic definitions of foreign debt and domestic debt are different from the legal definition as had been adopted by the Argentine government for the purposes of undertaking the restructuring of both the domestic and foreign debts. The domestic debt is defined as debt issued according to Argentine law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims. Conversely, the â€Å"legal† definition of foreign debt is debt issued according to foreign (New York, UK, et cetera) law, regardless of whether it is in local or foreign currency and regardless of who, foreign or domestic resident, is holding these claims.†The point to consider was that was there a possibility that the host of factors that facilitate the litigation would disrupt the orderly process of debt restructuring undertaken by Argentina. Without committing a technical default Argentina would be going ahead with the process of structuring and even if some creditors hold out and start litigating, the litigation would take several years for coming to a close. Even if the litigation is started it is not going to hamper the process of the debt restructuring by Argentina.   

Health care services and mental health services Research Paper

Health care services and mental health services - Research Paper Example Mental health promotion and mental illnesses’ diagnoses and treatment are essential components of family medicine in the American health care. Family physicians receive continued medical education and residency training in order to better manage mental health problems in people of all age groups. Early recognition of problems is made possible with the help of continuity of care inherent in the family medicine. Family physicians are best-suited to recognize the problems and make adequate interventions in the family system since they treat the whole family. Family physicians are particularly important because they are also in a position to give treatment to the individuals who tend to avoid the traditional mental health services due to social stigma linked with the treatment of mental illnesses. Many mental health issues are neither recognized frequently nor they are treated adequately. Therefore, mental illnesses’ recognition and treatment are some of the significant challenges for the primary care physicians that are responsible for most services related to mental health care. Results of a national mental health care survey suggested that up to 18 per cent of the people surveyed with or without a mental health disorder DSM-IV’s diagnosis were treated in a one year period and 52 per cent of the visits took place in the sector of all primary care or general medical care (Pincus et al., 1998). Primary care patients with a psychiatric disorder are between 11 per cent and 36 per cent (AAPF, 2015) and a survey of mental health conditions in the practices of urban family medicine suggests that more than 40 per cent of the research participants met the conditions set for a mental health disorder (National Ambulatory Medical Survey, 2008). Traditionally, mental health services are carved out by the managed care organizations from the primary care. They place the mental health services in

Compare and contrast shopping online with shopping in actual shops Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast shopping online with shopping in actual shops Essay ?Compare and contrast shopping online with shopping in actual shops In current society, shopping has been a big part of peoples’ lives and it is becoming more and more popular. However, nowadays, science technology is more developed and more modern than before. Therefore, a lot of people are choosing online shopping. Between conventional shopping and online shopping, there are some advantages and disadvantages. Some people think shopping on the internet is suitable for the main reason that it is convenient. For example, if you are the businessman, you will be busier than others. So, you do not have enough time to go shopping. But online shopping can help them to save time and let them get their needs and wants. Secondly, when you want to go shopping, the weather is often quite bad. Other advantage of online shopping is you can stay at home and look for many different products on the internet. Finally, people need not go shopping in shopping malls or stores. This can reduce the number of cars on the road, whilst it also protects our environment to reduce air pollution from gas. Moreover, people will not be worried about the problem of a parking space. On the other side, online shopping has some disadvantages. On the one hand, people can buy some fake products which will waste their money. On the other hand, some bad quality products can potentially damage people’s health such as food or medicine. Others give their different ideas, they prefer conventional shopping. In the first place, we can directly contact products easily which can avoid buying some useless and wrong items. In the second place, we can meet different people and make friends when you purchase a product. Conventional shopping is good for people’s social life. Finally, we can bargain with people in stores and can get some cheaper and better items. But we can not ignore that conventional shopping has some disadvantages. The first reason, sometimes, you choose favourite shoes, but the store does not have your size. And then, you use the internet to go shopping, you can find the same one and it is suitable. The other reason, it is a waste of your time and money. Because you not only need to pay for the store, but also product taxes, car fares or buying bus tickets. In my opinion, online shopping is suitable for me. Because I am a student, it can save time and I also have more choice to cater for my needs. The most important aspect is the price which is usually cheaper than conventional shopping.

America Does NOT Need Gun Control Essay -- Argument Paper Argumentativ

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years, a great amount of effort and money has been spent on legislation regarding gun control. Gun control advocates maintained that increased gun control could reduce the soaring crime rates found in cities across America. However, most of the arguments used for gun control are the result of careful manipulation of data and emotional appeal. These â€Å"myths† are twisted by our liberal media until they are seen as the truth. However, despite the claims of gun control activists, gun control does not reduce crime, it only leaves law abiding citizens increasingly vulnerable to violent crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One common claim of gun control advocates is that gun control in foreign countries, notably Great Britain, is responsible for their lower crime rates. They present statistics showing that Britain has lower murder rates than America, but skip some other interesting information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, the gun control methods used in Britain include searches and other checks found unconstitutional in America. Also, the British are far more successful than Americans in prosecuting criminals. For instance, 20% of robberies reported in London end in conviction, compared to only 5% in New York City (Ten Myths 5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a broader sense, consider that despite the fact that in a typical year about 8.1 million violent crimes will be committed in America, only 724 thousand will be arrested. Of those, only 150 thousand will receive prison sentences, and over 36 thousand will serve less than one year terms. The biggest problem in America is our revolving door justice system (Ten Myths 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the efficiency of British investigative procedures, the British armed robbery rate has never been less than twice the highest recorded before the gun control laws took effect in 1920. In fact, over the last twelve years, the British armed robbery rate has increased an astonishing 300% while the American rate has dropped (Ten Myths 5). Also, from 1930 to 1975, the British murder rate has increased 50% while the American murder rate rose 30%. Another foreign nation, Jamaica, totally prohibited gun ownership in 1974. By 1980, Jamaica’s gun murder rate was six times that of Washington D.C., which has the highest rate of any American city. However, Switzerland, Israel, Denmark and Finland, all of whom have a higher gun ownership rate than America, all have lower crim... ...educe crime. I. Introduction II. â€Å"Myths of Gun Control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Foreign gun control works   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Gun control reduces â€Å"crimes of passion†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Criminals do not fear armed citizens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D. Guns contribute to crime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  E. Criminals are constitutionally exempt from gun control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. American favor gun control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  G. Police support gun control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  H. Registry is a harmless aspect of gun control   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I. Gun control reduces crime III. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Solutions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Final analysis and personal observations WORKS CITED Bender, David ed. Would Gun Control Reduce Crime? St. Paul: Greenhaven Press, 1984. Matza, Michael. â€Å"Do more guns mean less crime? No point blank answers† Philadelphia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enquirer 31 May, 2007. NCPA Crime Summary. Available (Online) http://www.arcrafts.com/think/Essays/NCPA Crime.html. 4 April 2007. Pratt, Larry. â€Å"Concealed guns save lives.† USA Today. 26 April, 2007. natl. ed. Rogers, Bill. â€Å"Gun Locks Go Faster Than Police Can Hand Them Out.† Naples Daily News. 27   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March, 2006, natl. ed. Ten Myths About â€Å"Gun Control.† Available (Online)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.arcrafts.com/think/Essays/Ten.html. 4 April 2007.

Harris on End Times Essay

: Hey, John. What are in you today? You don’t look as upbeat as usual. Is there anything that I can do to help you? John: I don’t know, but perhaps you can. You see, I am taking Eschatology 1. My professor is weird. On top of that, he is a lousy lecturer. I can’t understand what he’s saying. And I can’t even understand my notes! I have to study it and read the book of Revelation in order to pass his test. Steven: Let me see. Hmmm. You’re not a good note taker; it’s very obvious. But I guest your professor isn’t an organized lecturer. Well, you can always read my book and†¦ John: But the exam is four hours away! Steven: Oh my goodness. You are definitely in trouble. Listen, I will lecture you briefly on the main points that you will need to pass this test. Listen carefully, and I hope you’ll get an A. John: Ok Steven: From Chapter 15 of my book, I said the Revelation can be outlined as follows: 1. Prologue: the author’s self-identification and au ¬thority (1:1-20) 2. Jesus’ letters to the seven churches of Asia Minor (2:1-3:22) 3. Visions from heaven: breaking seven seals on a scroll; seven trumpets (4:1-11:19) 4. Signs in heaven: visions of the woman, the dragon, the beast, the Lamb, and the seven plagues (12:1-16:21) 5. Visions of the â€Å"great whore† and the fall of Babylon (Rome) (17:1-18:24) 6. Visions of the eschaton: the warrior Messiah, the imprisonment of the beast and Satan, judgment of the dead, and the final defeat of evil (19:1-20:15) 7. Visions of the â€Å"new heaven and a new earth†; descent of the heavenly Jerusalem to earth (21:1-22:5) 8. Epilogue: authenticity of the author’s prophetic visions and the nearness of their fulfilment (22:6-21). In addition, many of John’s imagery and style came from Old Testament Apocalyptic Literature, and†¦ John: Wait, you mean principles of interpretation in Daniel and others such as â€Å"one apocalyptic day = one literal year† also holds in Revelation? Steven: That’s right! John: So everything I’ve learned in the previous term about Hebrew Prophecy can also be used here? Precisely the reason why I had to take Hermeneutics 2 and Hebrew Prophecy before I study Revelation? Steven: You betcha†¦ John: So first, let me recap. Let’s take a look at the terms the Lamb, the dragon, the heav ¬enly woman, the whore, and the marriage of the Lamb and the heavenly city. They are not literal being but symbols of another referent, right? Steven: Yes, and to take you to the shortcut, the historical belief is the Lamb is Jesus Christ, the dragon is a figure of Satan, the whore is his church the Roman Catholic Church, the marriage of the Lamb symbolizes the union of the Christian Church of the aggregate of the true believers after the Rapture, and the heavenly city is a picture of our destiny with Jesus Christ. Though I find it personally hard to accept that it is literally as described, but I do not really show that in the book because I do not want to offend my Christian brother.

Establishing a Secured Atm Banking System

Establishing a Secured ATM Banking System Contents 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Executive Summary 4. Mission 5. Company Background 6. Statement of the Problem 1. Problem Statement 2. Problem Significant 7. Project Objective 8. Limitation of the Project 9. Methodology 10. Analysis of the Project 11. Scope of the Statement 12. Proposed Improvement 13. Expected Output 14. Recommendation 15. Acknowledgment Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate risk management, security and controls in the Context of Automated teller machines (ATMs).In doing so, it adopts a non-technical Approach by investigating the interrelationship and effect of risk management and controls In setting Automated Teller Machine security goals. The literature explores and discusses The risk management and different controls of ATMs. To reduce the risk of fraudulent Activity, several controls can be integrated into the ATM processing environment. However, the controls should not be considered a cure-all. Keywo rds: ATMs, data security, risk, fraud, electronic banking, and controls.Introduction This paper examines the effects of incompatibility in network industries. In a network industry such as telecommunications, the internet, or automatic teller machines (ATMs) in the banking industry,firms are technologically interconnected. This interconnection can lead to more complicated pricing structures than those observed in traditional industries, since a consumer may receive direct or indirect services both from his chosen firm and its rivals.While interconnection increases the size of the network available to consumers, in industries such as the banking industry, the introduction of price discrimination between affiliated and unaffiliated consumers reintroduces firm-level network economies by reducing compatibility within the shared network. This paper measures the impact of this incompatibility and finds significant effects on competition in the deposit market, welfare, and investment. It a lso briefly considers an alternative institutional structure in which provision of ATM and deposit services is separated.In the banking industry, the customers of one bank can use their ATM cards at ATMs owned byother banks, but the ATM owner may charge a fee called a surcharge. This can be interpreted aspartial incompatibility between components of a system comprised of ATM cards (bank affiliation)and ATMs. Analogous to the strong complementary relationships between CPUs and peripheralsor VCRs and video tapes, ATM cards and ATMs form complementary components of a system thatallows consumers to perform transactions on their bank accounts.Consumers can choose variouscombinations of these complementary goods, but the compatibility is only partial since there is acost associated with use of a foreign ATM, that is, an ATM not owned by the consumer’s bank. There is a sizeable theoretical literature on compatibility in industries with network externalitiesor complementary component s. This literature predicts that incentives for compatibility differacross firms and will be smaller for firms with larger networks, since these firms lose the competitive advantage their network size confers under incompatibility.The effects on consumer surplus should differ depending on the distribution of consumer characteristics and the new price equilibrium that is reached. In turn, the effects of compatibility on price competition depend on a number of factors. In the banking industry, while partial incompatibility achieved through surcharging should theoretically soften price competition in the deposit market by making an increase in deposit. This paper will focus on the types of ATM transactions that can be performed on any ATM within the shared network such as inquiries and cash withdrawals.Executive Summary ATM An automated teller machine (also known as an ATM or Cash Machine), is a computerized device that provides the customers of a financial institution with the ability to perform financial transactions without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Crime at ATM’s has become a nationwide issue that faces not only customers, but also bank Operators. Security measures at banks can play a critical, contributory role in preventing attacks on customers.These measures are of paramount importance when considering vulnerabilities and causation in civil litigation and banks must meet certain standards in order to ensure a safe and secure banking environment for their customers. The Automated Teller machine is a terminal provided by bank or other financial institutions which enables the customer to withdraw cash to make a balance enquiry, to order a statement, to make a money transfer, or deposit cash. The ATMs are basically self-service banking terminals and are aimed at providing fast and convenient service to customers.Some of the new generations of ATMs are able to cash a check to the penny, dispense Traveller’scheques and postage stam ps, perform stock transfers, print discount coupons, issue phonecards, and even sell concert tickets. Customers are grateful for these ATM features but they are alsovery concerned with ATM crime and safety. Mission Key to Success Company Background 1. Statement of the Problems/Problem Definition/ Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) indicates the development of Information Technology in Banking sector.Two types of ATMs need to be addressed, one of which is the branch ATM, The other being the out of branch ATM. The branches will take care of the ATM located in Their respective branches, while the out of branch ATMs such as those located in department Store will be taken care by cash centers. Each cash center has ATMs under its responsibility. At VIT there are three ATMs out of which two are out of branch ATM() and one is branch ATM(). The major problem faced by these ATMs are the long queue of customers at the peak hours and then at the off peak hours the lack of customer entry.The number of customer are so large that many a times customer waits for more than half an hour to get his turn but at nights the ATMs remain idle that there are no customers to serve . Depending on the current capacity of each ATM, many alternative decisions can be made. Now the work process decision is made by operators. Thus,the problem of ATM facility is significant. In this study, methodology â€Å"Simulating ATMs† is proposed in order to maximize efficiency Of banks to improve their customer’s service and increasing long term relationship with them And also to reduce the congestion at the ATM centre at peak hours.The process will show How much time a customer spends and give suggestion whether a new ATM is required or With the same resources the performance can be improved. This research will support the Banks in terms of decisionmakingfor reducing the waiting time of customers, by solving a Simulation model with the help of queuing theory. The technique of simulation has long been used by the designers and analysis in the physical Sciences and it promises to become an important tool for tackling the complicated problems Of managerial decision making.It is actually imitation of reality and when it is being put into Mathematical form it is called simulation. Generally, the main objective of simulation is to Minimize the managerial problem in terms of decision making and hence helps in reaching Solution with at most accuracy. Also it is comparatively free from mathematical solution, Hence can be easily understood by the operating personal and nontechnical managers. On the other hand queuing model is used to overcome the congestion of the traffic? This traffic Can be of any form.This model mainly used in situation where customers are involved, hence When it is being coupled with simulation it becomes very much conducive to get solution to Solve the problem related to customers. Therefore, these two models are used to understand The situation related to ATM waiting line and to find some alternative to overcome this Problem by suggesting certain alternatives. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) provide banking services such as withdrawals, deposits, and transfers on a 24 hrs with 7days basis. Due to their convenience they are nowuniversal and are used by a diverse set of users located around the world.Despite this success, however, ATMs still suffer from a variety of problems. Since ATMs are used for banking, security is paramount. Personal banking information is highly sensitive and users are vulnerable while using ATMs. Keypads in particular have been exploited by criminals who have installed small cameras or touch-sensitive overlays, or in some cases have simply observed users as they have keyed in their pins. The physical security of users is also important. ATMs are open late at night but often have limited security.Users may feel anxiety and, in those cases, it is best that they complete their ATM operations as quickly as possibl e. In addition to security concerns, there are a number of known usability issues with current ATMs. For example, users may not know which card they have entered into the machine, and accidental key presses may trigger unintended operations. Similarly, ATM interfaces are often loosely-coupled with underlying functions and allow the users to perform illegal operations, only informing them after the fact of the inability of the system to carry out a given task.A good solution to both the usability and security issues will require further exploration of how ATMs operate. Ultimately, such a solution will include a reformulation of certain key ATM functions and novel technologies such as touch screens and web-based interfaces. 1. 1Problem Statement In most of the ATMs the major problem is waiting of customers in the queue for more Duration. Mainly the objective of ATM for bank is to keep away the customers from coming To bank and make the process easy for them to avoid the basic procedur e they do in bank.But As stated the problem which most ATM face is the long queue in front, but then when the Problem is only for a short while as rest of the time the ATM remains idle means adding to The operating cost. The problem is to determine whether only one machine is required to Fulfill the need or two more machines needed to be installed to give comfort to customer Which is really of short period of time. 1. 2 Problem Significance The cost of the installing an ATM machine accounts for a sizeable part of the total operating Cost of a company.Adding to it is cost of extra security guard who is needed to be placed There. But the customer satisfaction point of it is necessary to incur these expenses as Retaining them is more important, hence these cost are overshadowed by this fact. This Research will provide a robust problem solving technique for the realworld? Make a decision Related to reducing the ATM queuing problem to reduce operating cost. †¢Problem Objective The o verall objective of the research is to develop a model to reduce the waiting time of Customers and the total cost related to ATM installation. Problem Constraints In this research, the researcher has focused on the Problem of waiting of customer in ATMs For long to undergo a simple transaction with the available ATM machine, also to know Whether another machine is required to reduce the traffic at the centers by keeping in mind The cost incurred in installing. Methodology Introduction to simulation and queuing It is the imitation of reality like laboratories in which numbers of experiments are performedon simulated models to determine the behavior of real system in true environments.The example cited above is of simulating the reality in the physical form, and are referred toas analogue simulation. For the complex and intricate problem of managerial decision Making, the analogue simulation may not be practicable, and actual experimentation with thesystem may not be uneconomical. Und er such circumstances, the complex system is Formulated into a mathematical model for which a computer programme is developed, and The problem is solved by using high speed electronic computer, and hence it is named as System simulation. Queuing theory has been applied to a variety of business situations.All situations are relatedto customer involvement. Generally, the customer expects a certain level of service, whereasthe firm provides service facility and tries to keep the costs minimum while proving therequired service. This widely used in manufacturing units. Here it helps in reducing theoverhead charges and the overall cost of manufacturing. Also used to know is the unit arrive, at regular or irregular intervals of time at a given point called the service point. General Analysis of the Project ATMs are used by all modern commercial banks and are found in cities around the world.Modern ATMs already address many human interaction concerns, but still suffer from a number of usabi lity and other issues. The following are seven important aspects to consider when attempting improving ATM interfaces: Security Issue ATMs act as electronic tellers, and security is always an important concern for users. Major security issues are already addressed in the modern ATM design. A password, or PIN number, is used to protect the information. After decades of use, ATMs have proven the effectiveness of this security policy.However, this approach may not be sufficient in the future. Mugging and PIN theft should be addressed in a new ATM system. Mature biometric technology may be a good candidate to provide additional security. Besides password protection, modern ATMs also include ‘card eating’ features to provide customers with more security. However, instead of increasing customer security, this feature can in fact cause problems for authorized users due to misunderstanding or carelessness. This feature should be reviewed as part of a user-centered design proces s. FunctionalityATMs handle as many traditional teller operations as possible. Traditional ATMs implement most basic daily banking functions, such as deposit, withdrawals and balance checking. These functions are designed based on the performance limitations of computing and networking, which have changed rapidly over the course of the last few years. These limited functions may not be satisfactory by modern standards. The next-generation ATM should support the following features if possible: †¢ Money transfer: transfer money from one bank account to another person’s bank account. Bill Payment: automatically pay bills. Although a valid feature is provided in internet banking right now, ideally ATMs would still provide these functions for users without internet access. †¢ Other Electronic Finance Tools: Good examples could be electronic bank notes or electronic bank travel cheques. Usability Unlike some other electronic devices, ATMs should be useful to a wide-range of users and those users should be able to use the system with limited or no assistance. This aspect is critical to the new ATM design.Although these issues are already taken into consideration in the current ATM designs, evaluation may reveal that there is room for improvement in current systems. Theoretically, it is also possible that there is no perfect design once we review the usability requirements. We may have to provide a compromised solution to suit the majority. The following are some typical user stories for review: †¢ ATMs currently allow users to insert different cards but do not display visual cues to identify which card was inserted. A displayed image would provide good feedback to prohibit accidental operations using the wrong card. The current key layouts, especially the function keys, are slightly different between different ATMs. A new standard high-resolution touch-screen would be preferable. †¢ Not all current ATMs can support multiple-languages. Consi dering growing international trade and communication, multiple language support would be a very important feature. †¢ The current deposit and withdrawal functions also need to be improved. For example, the standard process for putting multiple cheques into ATMs is confusing, and the ATM withdrawal function does not support bill selection based on the customer’s request. The new ATM should allow the user to easily access money across the world. Efficiency ATMs must be both easy to use and fast. The more time a user spends at an ATM, the more inconvenienced the user feels. Wait times also increase for other users. Clearly, this is an important issue to consider when designing an ATM system. Accessibility As ATMs are physical machines, their design must take accessibility concerns into account. Some good accessibility features can be found in current ATM design. For example, the ATM keyboard includes Braille support for the blind. Current ATM design does not do a good job o f protecting people from others peeking from behind. †¢ The fixed height of ATMs can be inconvenient for some users. Threat & Affect ATMs should be attractive. Potentially, good looking ATMs could attract new users and make existing users more comfortable. For example, relaxing background music could relieve user anxiety during complex operations. There are three basic types of ATM attacks: †¢ Attempts to steal a customer‘s bank card information; †¢ Computer and Network attacks against ATM‘s to gather bank card information; †¢ Physical attacks against the ATM.THEFT OF CUSTOMER‘S BANK CARD INFORMATION †¢Card Skimming †¢Fake ATM machines †¢Card Trapping/Card Swapping †¢Distraction theft or ‘manual’ skimming †¢Shoulder Surfing †¢Leaving transaction ‘Live’ †¢Cash trapping COMPUTER AND NETWORK ATTACKS †¢Network attacks against ATMs †¢Viruses and malicious software †¢Phishing †¢PIN cash-out attacks †¢Utilizing a Fake PIN pad overlay †¢PIN Interception PHYSICAL ATM ATTACKS †¢Ram Raid Attacks †¢Theft of ATMs †¢Smash and Grab of ATMs †¢Safe cutting/Safe Breaking †¢Explosive Attacks Scope of the Project We should evaluate whether or not the ATM is helping to extend banking services.By mixing the web/mobile preauthorization transaction service with the traditional 24 hours with 7 days ATM service, service time can be improved and wait times reduced. Proposed Improvements Our initial meeting yielded many ideas for new ATM technologies that have the potential to improve user experience. We considered mobile phone interfaces, voice interfaces, refinements of physical button interfaces, high resolution touch screen interfaces, biometric identification techniques (finger print or retinal scan), and a web interface for pre-specifying ATM transactions.After a brief discussion of each of these ideas, we decided to talk in depth about the final three. The use of an advanced high resolution touch screen would not solve any problems in itself. but would allow for a more sophisticated user interface. The potential for increased screen space and detail could help address the need for a more intuitive layout, the issue of restricting input to acceptable dollar amounts, and multi-language support. It might also allow ATMs to perform some actions that are not currently possible such as displaying the customer's preferred name for each account and facilitating transfers to third party accounts.An advanced display could also be designed to restrict the viewing angle so that private information is less visible to malicious onlookers. One final advantage of a high resolution display is that it would allow for much more attention to aesthetics, and as Donald Norman tells us, â€Å"attractive things work better. † The main disadvantage of using a touch screen is that it may confuse users, and providing accessibi lity for the blind is more difficult than in cases where Braille codes can simply be added to keypads.The use of biometrics for identification would yield many benefits. The most obvious benefit of biometric technology is that it would increase the security of bank accounts, as a finger print is much harder to steal than a PIN. If the use of a finger print could eliminate the need for an ATM card entirely, it could drastically reduce time spent at the ATM, and it would eliminate the problem of inserting the wrong card. The idea we spent the most time on is a web interface to allow users to pre-specify ATM transactions.The general idea is that the customer can access the bank's website from a PC or mobile phone to input the operations that will be done at the ATM. For example, a user could specify that she wants to withdraw 360 ETB from her chequing account and 220 ETB from her savings account. She also has three cheques to deposit for 250. 35 ETB, 298. 70 ETB, and 329. 11ETB. She wa nts 100 ETB of the deposit to go into her son’s account and the rest to go to her retirement account.When the user arrives at the ATM and identifies herself with a card and PIN or a fingerprint, the machine will display the options she selected earlier and ask if that is still what she wants to do. After selecting â€Å"yes,† she simply inserts the cheques into the machine and removes her cash. While the benefits of this idea may not be immediately apparent, and may not be significant for simple ATM usage, it has the potential to drastically improve the user experience under some circumstances. In the previous example, the user needed to perform many transactions with somewhat nusual amounts of money. If this were to be done at a standard ATM, it could take a very long time to navigate through the interface for each individual transaction. During this time, any number of distractions could occur, including a line of angry customers amassing behind the user or the user' s child suddenly beginning to cry. Under these circumstances, it would be easy for the user to enter an incorrect amount or even to forget one of the transactions completely. However, with the web site, all of the decisions would be made in the comfortable environment of the user's home or office.Besides helping the user to ensure that all transactions are executed properly, this web interface could cut down greatly on lines at ATMs, increasing customer satisfaction and physical security. Another scenario where this could be useful is for outdoor ATMs in bad weather. If the user drives to the ATM and then realizes that being outside would be unpleasant, she could access the web site through her mobile phone to pre set the transactions and minimize time spent outdoors. Such a radical departure from present ATM interactions is certainly not without drawbacks.One of the main issues is that not everybody has web access, especially through their mobile phones. The ATM would definitely ne ed to have a standard user interface in addition to web capabilities. The web site would also introduce security concerns with password attacks and network communication to the ATMs. Hopefully these problems have already been solved in the current implementation of online banking. Finally, as with any UI, poor design could cause this idea to become frustrating and useless. These preliminary ideas have been developed based on initial meetings and brainstorming.Further research and information gathering will lead to the refinement of our proposed system changes, and an iterative design process will allow us to develop a prototype of a highly improved, secure, accessible, and intuitive ATM system and extended web-based interface. Conclusion (Expected Output from the Project) The main purpose of this study is to develop an efficient procedure for ATM queuing Problem, which can be daily used by banks to reduce the waiting time of customers in the System. The queuing characteristics of cu stomers were observed and the researcher compared The process of customer behavior of different ATM services at VIT.It is concluded that the ATM service should introduce in men’s hostel (around ? thstudents strength stay in hostel) Will facilitate pulling more customers towards ATM service. The researcher suggested that the SBI can install a new ATM machine in men’s hostel in spite of high installation cost and thereby reduce the customer cost and service cost for attaining benefit in the long run. This will be helpful for commercial bank to sustain more potential customers in high competitive situations with other private banks.ATM provides financial services to an increasing segment of the population in many countries. Fingerprint scanning, continues to gain acceptance as a reliable identification and verification processes. This paper identifies a model for the modification of existing ATM systems to economically incorporate fingerprint scanning; and, outlines the a dvantages of using such system. It should be noted that the customers perception cannot be generalized as it was highly affected by the tradition/ culture of the user involves. Recommendation for Further StudySeveral aspects of waiting problem for the ATM that remained unsolved in this study will Form interesting topics for further study. The following recommendations are made for Further studies: It is observed that if a person is not well versed with ATM takes more time which is not Considered. Also many customers stand in the queue and leave which can be put into the consideration. †¢ The time the workers take to feed the ATM with currency is not considered. †¢ Out of stock situation can be considered. †¢ On holidays mostly after exams the utility of ATM to be considered.The main limitation of the research due to time constraint it is observed with minimum sample, if sample size would have increased, the result obtained by both in simulation and queuing will coinci de. This study would not consider waiting cost and service cost due to non availability of original information. For future research, this study can be extended by considering the cost factors to find out the best ATM facility. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to acknowledge ________________University and Wegagen Bank, Addis Ababa Ethiopia for their support in providing the various facilities utilized in the presentation of this paper.

Careers in Therapy - Beyond the Clinical Psychology PhD

Careers in Therapy - Beyond the Clinical Psychology PhD Many undergraduate psychology majors at least briefly consider careers as therapists, often citing their desire to work with people and help others. Television and other forms of media most commonly portray clinical psychologists as therapists. Therefore many aspiring therapists wonder whether a doctoral degree in clinical psychology is for them. Perhaps but there are there are several masters degrees that offer the opportunity to work with others and conduct therapy. Here are a few. PhD in Clinical Psychology and Counseling PsychologyThe PhD is the most common doctoral degree among psychologists. The label psychologist is a protected term. A doctoral degree in psychology is required to call oneself a psychologist. Clinical and counseling psychology are the two traditional areas of practice in psychology. Clinical psychology studies pathology and disease whereas counseling psychology emphasize normative processes and aiding in adjustment issues. PhD programs in clinical and counseling psychology fall into two basic training models. The scientist model trains graduates to be research scientists and have careers in academic and research settings. Graduate programs that adopt the scientist practitioner model train students in both science and practice. Students learn how to design and conduct research, but they also learn how to apply research findings and practice as psychologists. Graduates obtain careers in academia and practice, including colleges, hospitals, mental health settings, and private practice. PhD degrees in clinical psychology and counseling psychology require a dissertation in addition to practice hours and an internship. Additional practice hours and licensure is required to practice. Clinical and counseling PhD programs are among the most competitive graduate programs in all fields for both admission and for internship sites. A PhD in clinical or counseling psychology, however, is not the only path to a career as a therapist. If your desire is to practice and have no intention of conducting research, you might consider a PsyD degree instead of a PhD. Alternative: PsyD in Clinical or Counseling PsychologyThe PsyD is a doctoral degree, developed in the early 1970s. As a doctoral degree, the PsyD permits graduates to use the title of psychologist. In contrast to the scientist and scientist practitioner models of PhD programs, the PsyD is a professional doctoral degree that trains students for clinical practice. Students learn how to understand and apply scholarly findings to practice. They are trained to be consumers of research. Graduates work in practice settings in hospitals, mental health facilities, and private practice. Given that PsyD students are not trained to conduct research, their dissertations tend to consist of lengthy literature reviews and to be applied in nature. Usually this requires less time than completing a PhD. PsyD students complete pre and post degree mandatory practice hours and are eligible for licensure. Generally speaking, PsyD degrees are more expensive than PhD degrees. Graduates generally have a significant amount of debt. There are other degree alternatives that permit entry to a career as a therapist that are less time consuming and expensive. Masters Degree in Counseling (MA)A masters degree in a counseling field, such as community counseling or mental health counseling, entails completing both academic and practice requirements. students complete 2 years (on average) of academic coursework including theories of therapy, assessment and diagnosis, and therapeutic techniques. In addition students complete supervised practice hours as part of their degree. After completing their degree they complete several hundred additional hours of supervised therapy in order to be eligible to seek certification to practice therapy independently. Every state has a different set of requirements for practice with regard to supervised hours and whether an exam is required Masters degree holders who are certified to practice may work in traditional therapeutic settings such as hospitals and mental health centers or may practice independently. Masters in Family Therapy (MFT)Similar to the MA in counseling, the masters in family therapy consists of about 2 years of academic coursework and practice. MFT students specialize in marital therapy, child therapy, and strengthening the family. After graduation they seek additional supervised practice hours and licensure as a marriage and family therapist with the ability to practice independently Masters in Social Work (MSW) Like the MA in counseling and the MFT, the master of social work degree is a 2-3 year degree that includes both academic and practice requirements. MSW students are trained in assessment, therapeutic techniques, and assisting families functioning. After completing a specified number of supervised practice graduates can seek certification to practice social work independently. As you can see there are several opportunities for students whoa re interested in careers as therapists. If you are considering such a career, do your homework and learn about each of these degrees to determine what is right for you.

Building a Character in a Monologue

Whether it is still possible to create six female characters from a monologue written for men. This is a challenge and we addressed this challenge when we made Mark Ravenhills products. When applying practitioners like Bertolt Brecht and Konstantin Stanislavski, I will discuss further on how to accomplish this work. My greatest concern when I began creating text was that it was obvious in the early stages of the rehearsal process as we were challenging to create persuasive and realistic characters is. A monologue is a monologue but it's not a side: a monologue is a speech, one role can solve other characters and audiences, or a spontaneous speech, next to the character's comment on the audience (usually an emergency Although short), the character may be talking with him or herself in the play. Shakespeare's monologue includes his most primitive and powerful sentences. In his greatest tragedy, he was exploring ways how some people are struggling under pressure on personal thoughts. In the monologue (if tweet) When I finish ... Macbeth uncover the fear of cursing his image unconsciously. This is part of it; he actually has various ideas. But he was not aware that he hindered killing his king: simply say this is the wrong fact The inner monologue is the record of the inner idea of ​​the character. The inner monologue is similar to a monologue because it depicts the inner thoughts and feelings of the character, but unlike a monologue, the inner monologue does not mean acting. Even more frankly, even if the monologue reveals the idea of ​​the character, it is also a speech act. We must say that a monologue becomes a monologue, and basically a defined inner monologue never is told: it is a record of the character's idea.

Australian organisations must adopt sustainability reporting in the Essay

Australian organisations must adopt sustainability reporting in the 21st century - Essay Example Sustainability reporting in Australia is voluntary, meaning that the organizations are not bound by law to report it in their financial statements. So, the purpose of this essay is to emphasize on the fact that Australian companies should adapt sustainability reporting in the present century and to establish why and how the organizations should meet the requirements of sustainability reporting and how will it be profitable to them. Sustainability reporting involves the display of a company’s economic, social and environmental performance and its impacts through the company’s annual reports. There are various reasons as to why a company should report its performance. Sustainability reporting helps in establishing a stronger trust relationship with the stakeholders. The stakeholders view the company as being honest about their actions and performance, thus it strengthens the image of an organization as being sincere and considerate towards the environment it operates in. The key towards establishing strong relations is not to report the good part only but the discrepancies as well; it leads the stakeholders like employees to trust their employers and execute hard work to enhance the performance of the company (Blackburn, 2007). Such actions give the sense of legitimate reporting of corporate activities. This ensures acceptance by the key stakeholders of the company especially towards the management decisions and activities that may be sometimes seen as of compromising nature (Schaltegger, Bennett and Burritt, 2006). By incorporating sustainability reporting into the strategic designing of an organization, a company can link all its operations to achieve those goals that are expected of it. Various operational benefits can also be derived through implementing sustainability reporting. The various costs that are incurred because of the irresponsible use of materials