Friday, September 4, 2020

Paintings by El Greco

Artistic creations by El Greco Acquaintance Work of workmanship alludes with an imaginative creation, which can take a type of compelling artwork like composition, photo, fine work of engineering, structure, or an intelligent game.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Paintings by El Greco explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the previous depiction, formal examination is utilized to break down a craftsmanship by El Greco which is a painting done in the middle of 1575-76. It presents an account of a visually impaired man from the Bible got Bartimaeus shouting out to Christ to recuperate him of his visual deficiency. â€Å"The story is shrouded in the four accounts: Matthew 9:27-34, Mark 8:22-25, Luke 18:35-43 and John 9:1-22. Christ blended his salivation in with soil to make mud, which he used to mend the visually impaired man.†1 Line and structure This story shapes the topic of the work of art. The examination and representation of the writings are as contemporary Ven etian setting. The figures of Jesus and the man he mends involve the frontal area, helter-skelter to one side, and structure the focal piece of the arrangement. A gathering of individuals seeing the supernatural occurrence remain justified with two men sitting in the inside. There is a city square found out of sight, which is retreating towards the door. Behind the visually impaired man and Christ, there are stooping figures and a gathering of four individuals who are unconscious of what's going on. â€Å"The expansions of lines that the visually impaired man is utilizing for signal along with the figure, which is on the correct side with his back to the watcher, meet toward the finish of the point in the focal point of the entryway, set somewhat left of focus in the picture.† 2Advertising Looking for article on workmanship and structure? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The line of the curve behind him strengthens th e demonstration of Christ moving his hand toward the visually impaired man. The closer view part between the sniffing hound and the two men chatting in the center separation is differentiated by subsiding lines and left vacant, while the gatherings in the frontal area are packed on either side. The viewers’ consideration is pulled in to both the privilege and the left sides of the sythesis, while lines of viewpoint development made by the clearing cause them to notice the disappearing point. Space and Shape El Greco prevailing in the utilization of profound space in the usage of the floor space, where he utilized the closer view. The closer view figures, which are in a lower level, are intended to make space on the front edge while the gatherings make up the structure. Their essence shows that space stretches out past the frontal area and a few figures in the middle to one side towards the heading the adolescent is pointing. The feeling of room moves past the image and makes a feeling of spatial bounds of stage. The consecutive course of action of hued shapes shows great utilization of room. Shading El Greco utilized glowing hues and made organized compositional settings for the figures. He utilized a rich assortment of hues and colors. Equalization and accentuation The organization has a determined proper parity appeared in the gathering and activities of the figures. Those to one side of Christ are more nimbly than those to one side. The frontal parts of Christ underline the framework of his figure, disentanglement of the crease and surface of his robes.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Paintings by El Greco explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The equal lines of the twisted elbow of the two fundamental figures, distending and retreating, are pictorially adjusted. The air encompassing this spot is quiet making an impression of equalization. The accentuation laid on Christ’s figure propelling right knee is in significant, and his posture is progressively graceful. El Greco applied point of view concentrated on straight and corner to corner lines in the setting. Complexity conversely, there is an eager development encircled by the various structures out of sight engineering. This differentiation guarantees that they are the primary focal point of the piece. Coming up next is the image shaping premise of our conversation: Bibliography Prnjatovic, Mladen. Components of Formal Analysis in Architecture. London: University of New South Wales, 2008. Stokstad, Marilyn. Craftsmanship History. New York: Pearson, 2010.Advertising Searching for paper on workmanship and structure? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Commentaries 1 Stokstad, Marilyn. Craftsmanship History. (New York: Pearson, 2010), 14. 2 Prnjatovic, Mladen. Components of Formal Analysis in Architecture. (London: University of New South Wales, 2008), 34.

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Western Humanities

It is no embellishment to state that the Romans have had significant effect on practically completely socialized countries of the world and their way of life is the support of numerous societies of today (Rao, 113). The way wherein the Romans pick their young ladies has a ton to do with the laws administering marriage around then. Before a marriage could be viewed as lawful, the two couples must be developed; for the young lady twelve years and for the kid fourteen, the guardians of the couple must be completely mindful; that is it must be with the assent of the two groups of the lady of the hour and husband to be. During the Augustan age, families were illegal any refusal of marriage without given any substantial explanation regarding why they denied a marriage. Marriage between a nearby connection in like manner ascendant and relative marriage were likewise unlawful. There were two social classes during the early Roman time frame; the aristocrats who were the residents and the plebeians who were the free non-residents. During that time, the aristocrats just wed the aristocrats and the plebeians just the plebeians individually as there was no between conjugal connection between these two social classes. Marriage by the Patricians was viewed as a sacrosanct establishment which is impossible just by only saying it. A few habits of thought must be taken before a marriage could really happen. With the immediate assent of the divine beings, the aristocrat takes his lady of the hour from her father’s house to his own habitation in the organization of an agent of his family. In this type of marriage, the lady of the hour is put under the authority of her significant other and her better half in a manner turns into her lord. The plebeian marriage anyway comprise basically the living together of a man and lady as a couple. Plebeian relationships were not perceived by the aristocrats as they were not viewed as residents and in any event, when the plebeians became residents and their marriage were sanctioned, between marriage between the plebeians and the aristocrats were still not permitted due to the strict contrasts between them. In any case, as years past, their laws were changed and the marriage between the social classes currently got conceivable. The early Romans wedded at a generally early age as a young lady was viewed as prepared for marriage between the ages of fourteen and seventeen. Her dad would pick a spouse and play out the necessary courses of action. Despite the fact that youthful Roman kids were not constrained into marriage, not many youngsters had the option to reject a masterminded marriage (Mellor). Assurance to be wedded before marriage was viewed as a decent structure despite the fact that it had no legitimate commitment connected to it. Prearranged engagement includes a young lady been guaranteed gravely by her family to the man or his family. This procedure in most case is spoken to by the man giving the planned spouse a ring. The ring is worn on the third finger of the left hand which the Romans accepted had an immediate connection with the heart, as they accepted that the finger had an association with the heart by a nerve. It was standard purpose of pride with the Romans for the lady of the hour to bring her man of the hour an endowment which was given by her family on the off chance that she is as yet subject to them or without anyone else. The lady is dressed by her mom on the morning of her big day; one of the most huge pieces of the dressing was the â€Å"knot of Hercules† who was viewed as the gatekeeper of married life (Rome uncovered †Roman Children). The man of the hour is the just one allowed to free the bunch once it is tied and this is done after the spouse has been went with to her new home. After the wedding service, there is typically a supper (gathering) in the place of the lady of the hour after which she is then went with to her husband’s house by her relatives. On going into her new home, the lady of the hour is conveyed into the house in order to forestall any awful sign that may result on the off chance that she unearths her first passageway into the house. Until the main kid is conceived, marriage itself isn't viewed as having been fulfilled. This is on the grounds that the Romans accept that kids are of foremost significance all together for a union with be viewed as ecstatic. Anyway married couples could will in general love each other over the long haul. The Roman ladies appreciate social opportunity as they could go to both open and private meals in the general public. After marriage, the societal position of a Roman lady increments as she is raised to the position of her significant other and is viewed as equivalent with him having a similar strict and common status with him. Her obligation anyway is to administer the home and being the courtesan of the house, she directs the instruction of her kids just as the slaves. During the Augustan age ladies had greater support to shoulder more kids in view of the benefit related with it. The second a lady has three youngsters, she would be discharged structure all management and was allowed to direct business without anyone else (Bierkan, Sherman and Stocquart, 303-327). One could securely say that the Roman lady was tremendous and refined when contrasted with her partners like the Greeks and this was because of the benefits given to her by the general public.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Network and Security Tracer Network Simulator.

Question: Talk about the Network and Security for Tracer Network Simulator. Answer: IDS, IPS, and HIPS IDS are utilized in the system outline in the middle of the customer side and the inward system segments. The IDS is connected with the HUB or Switch appended with a predefined PORT location of the switch. The fundamental capacity of the IDS is to follow the dubious exercises occurring in the system; it recognizes the traffic and information transmission in the system and distinguishes the helplessness of the system towards the assault (Jesin 2014). The IDS can be utilized in the middle of the switch0, switch1, switch2 and switch3, switch4, switch5, switch6 in the left half of the system and in the middle of switch7, switch8, switch9 and switch10, switch11, switch12, switch 13. IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is the following degree of IDS (Intrusion Detection System) and has the ability of making sure about all the levels, for example, the working framework utilized or the information parcels in the system. It comprises of the strategies that are utilized with the IDS which alert the system executive about any dubious exercises yet the head can make a move contingent upon the kind of assault (Prasad et al. 2016). Since the IPS has all the highlights of IDS it is considered as the following degree of IDS and it tends to be utilized in the spot of IDS for example between the customer and the inside system parts. In the given system chart it can supplant the IDS or it very well may be set alongside the IDS to give better security in the middle of switch0, switch1, switch2 and switch3, switch4, switch5, switch6 in the left half of the system and in the middle of switch7, switch8, switch9 and switch10, switch11, switch12, switch 13. HIPS (Host-based Intrusion Prevention System) is utilized to ensure the servers and workstations of the system. It utilizes the application programming of the framework and designs it recognize the standards utilized for security against any interruption assaults (Lin 2012). The HIPS finds any dubious action happening on the system and checks the principles set for any interruption assault and either square or permits relying upon the guidelines (Santos and Stuppi 2015). Along these lines in the given system chart the HIPS can be put in the middle of the servers and the switch interfacing the servers for example in the middle of the switch0 and server 2 and server3 and server1 and server0 and switch7. This would shield the servers from any interruption assaults. In the given system outline static IP is doled out to all the end gadgets and the servers are arranged as a DHCP server. The customer end switches and different switches in the system are secured with secret phrase cisco, to such an extent that the customer can't arrive at the switch and the other system parts. PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3 can impart between PC10, PC11, PC12, PC13 since they are associated with the router0. PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 can speak with the PC8, PC9, PC14, PC15 and they are associated with the router1. The LANs are intended to ensure against layer 2 assault, for this sort of insurance the idea of vlan is utilized. References Jesin, A., 2014.Packet Tracer Network Simulator. Packt Publishing Ltd. Lin, T., 2012. The plan and execution of organization arrange security designs. Prasad, N.H., Reddy, B.K., Amarnath, B. what's more, Puthanial, M., 2016. Intervlan Routing and Various Configurations on Vlan in a Network utilizing Cisco Packet Tracer.International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology,2(11), pp.749-758. Santos, O. what's more, Stuppi, J., 2015.CCNA Security 210-260 Official Cert Guide. Cisco Press.

Problems in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Issues in the Workplace - Essay Example Laborers in the 21st century have progressively raised worries on how innovation has changed their assignments just as lifestyle, which might bring down execution. Some have lost their positions in light of automation and utilization of PCs inferring elevated level of joblessness. It has subsequently gotten fundamental for the executives to define arrangements for presenting new innovation that don't bring down specialists self image yet rather imparts resolve and inspiration. In this paper, the issue of negative effect of innovation on laborers will be talked about; issues identified with innovation change in workplace and propose how to build up an instrument to unravel negative effect of innovation, its usage and recommendation on the most proficient method to improve laborers observation on new innovation. Innovation is as of late among the best difficulties that representatives have in light of the fact that they dread losing their positions after presentation of PCs and different gadgets. In spite of the fact that activity has been made simpler and proficient, innovation has brought down laborers assurance particularly those that are persuaded that utilization of PCs, robots and propelled apparatus will in the long run supplant them (Hodgetts and Hegar, 2008). Numerous specialists are in this way not prepared to grasp new innovation; rather, they are opposing administration move to present new innovatively propelled hardware. This has caused work to get incapable since laborers are consistently on go-eases back in grasping new innovation particularly the one that is considered to remove their positions. Opposition has particularly originated from laborers who are not gifted, those that like desk work and they dread that absence of information on the best way to utilize PCs can dispos e of them. Laborers protection from innovation change has held some association behind along these lines not supporting solid rivalry particularly in the 21st century. In any case, laborers contribution in dynamic and usage of techniques to grasp innovation changes has made a decent workplace since

Friday, August 21, 2020

Feminism in M. Butterfly Essay -- David Henry Hwang

Women's liberation in M. Butterfly In the 1989 show M. Butterfly, the masterwork of contemporary American writer David Henry Hwang, the subject of sexual legislative issues underlies every single other topic, and makes a strain between the sexes that overruns all through the content; also, Hwang sabotages customary topical parts of sexual governmental issues by scrutinizing the most central unit of sex by considering the very idea of sex and what characterizes a male or a female. These components join together and build up an entering assessment of woman's rights, and an investigation of the job of females in both Western and Eastern social orders as they identify with guys, and an exposã © of the disparities of sexual orientation which are available, maybe crucial, in the two societies. The back-and-forth for control, both sexual and scholarly, among male and female characters, particularly Rene Gallimard and Song Liling, is omnipresent all through the content, and comes full circle in the last scene where Rene subm its seppuku, or Japanese custom self destruction. In M. Butterfly, Hwang sees woman's rights from an assortment of strange focal points by taking a gander at the two sexual orientations, and serving to cause to notice the attributes and characteristics of both utilizing exchange, character study, and shrewd sensational procedures. Any conversation of women's liberation in M. Butterfly must be sequential, and show the advancement of the characters after some time; this permits the peruser and crowd to stamp the character investigation of the selves over span of the dramatization. In the initial demonstration the peruser is acquainted with a ladylike Song Liling, the character who initially expect the capacity of the female. Hwang familiarizes the peruser with Song moving, and in female attire, in the stage headings of the main demonstration; yet the crowd can figure as ahead of schedule as two page... ...ruitless and inconceivable approach to set up a gainful, working connection among people. From the three gossipers to Gallimard and Marc, from Gallimard and Renee to Gallimard and Song, Hwang reviews woman's rights utilizing another and uncommon perspective all through the play, which he affirms in different ways. Hwang states that just as equivalents can male and female exist together in concordance; uncovering hidden sexism in both the way of life of East and West, Hwang appears there is a lot of opportunity to get better, and that instruction of sexual orientation would be an important thing. M. Butterfly is a solid and inventive show driven by solid and innovative thoughts, yet none are as clear or as strong as the disparities between men (the errant need to control) and ladies (submitting to these controls) and their sources (male uncertainties, dread of weakness), which he uncovers, and eventually, denounces.

Saturday, August 1, 2020

Overview of APA 6th Edition

Overview of APA 6th Edition The American Psychological Association was hard at work over the summer publishing… yes, you guessed it, the APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition, which ran its first publication in July, 2010. While the general requirements for formatting is similar and the same in many cases, there are some important changes from the 5th to the 6th editions of this publication manual that fall into one of five categories: Formatting, word usage, statistics, organization, and referencing.FormattingFormatting changes include spacing, headings, and title placement.SpacingThe 6th edition of the APA manual now requires two spaces between sentences. The main rational behind this change is to increase readability. An easy way to make sure you have two spaces between your sentences is to click your paragraph button ( ¶). This is the symbol for paragraph; however in Microsoft Word, it will also show you all the spaces using small dots everywhere you hit the space bar. You can find this button in the paragr aph tool bar of MS Word.HeadingsHeadings with the 6th edition no longer use italics. Using all bold for headings has been used with other formatting styles for years and now APA has adopted this style as well. To review:Level 1 heading is centered and boldLevel 2 is left, justified, and boldLevel 3 is indented, bold, with a periodLevels 4 is indented, bold, italicized, with a periodLevels 5 is indented, italicized, with a periodImportant to note here is that the text under a level 3 heading actually begins after the period (dont forget your 2 spaces). Also, while the Reference and Abstract are technically formatted as a Level 1 heading, they are not bold.Title placementAll article titles are another heading related change, where in the 5th of the APA were required to be vertically and horizontally centered. While the 6th edition still requires article titles to be vertically centered, they must be in the top half of the page.Word usageWord usage is the next category of changes in th e 6th edition of the APA and covers word counts and general usage.Word countRestrictions have always been placed on the number of words in the abstract of a research paper and with the 6th these restrictions are less stringent from a concrete 120 words or fewer in the 5th edition to a range of 150-250 words using the 6th edition.General usageRegarding general word usage begins with the plural form of Appendix that, with the 6th edition the required word is Appendices versus Appendixes that was indicated in the 5th edition of the APA.Additionally, as words like website and e-mail become more commonplace, the APA has also changed the standards from Web site being written as two words in the 5th edition to being written as one word and not capitalized in the 6th edition. Also, not included in the 5th edition, e-mail is written with a hyphen.StatisticsThe way some statistics are reported has also changed, specifically concerning p-values and figures.P-valuesChanges for p-values include using exact values with the 6th edition, where the 5th edition allowed a more general less than or equal to report.FiguresThe change with figure captions is minimal in that figure captions are now placed below the figure rather than on a separate page as was required in the 5th edition.OrganizationThe 6th edition of the APA manual has made two significant changes to the organization of papers: Bullets and order of sections.BulletsBullets are now allowed in order to separate lists or main points of the text. As a rule, if a list indicate an order, such as most important to lest importation, or a list of steps of a processes, numbers should be used. For all other lists simple bullet points should be used.Order of sectionsAdditionally, the 6th edition has moved the tables and figures before the appendices and now requires all footnotes are placed at the bottom of the page in which the footnotes are referenced. Therefore, the full organization, according to the 6th edition should follow :Title pageAbstractBodyReferencesTablesFiguresAppendicesReferencesReferences and in-text citations is the final major category of changes from the 5th edition to the 6th edition of the APA publication manual. Specifically, these concern reference abbreviations, and the various components of the full reference in the reference section.Abbreviation usageAccording to the APA 6th edition the following must now be spelled out when referenced in the text:ChapterEquationFigureChapterWhen referencing the location of quoted material, the abbreviation para., must be used rather than the pilcrow symbol.Reference componentsMany research articles referenced within the text will be found in databases such as EBSCO and ProQuest. While with the 5th edition it was necessary to include the database name in the reference, this is no longer the case with the 6th edition; rather the articles doi will be included.Just when you got all the periods, commas, ampersands, and parentheses, they added the doi o r Digitial Object identifier. While not difficult to find for most sources, these numbers are long, so always double check them. If a doi and publisher information are both available, the reference need only include the doi.Additionally, much of the information retrieved online will not change regularly. As such, retrieval dates for websites need be included only when the information on the website is likely to change on a regular basis.Finally, publishing information for print materials such as books must include both the city and the state of publication. This was changed from needing only the city with the 5th edition.Note corrections from the first printing of the APA 6th edition. References and Abstract headings are not bold. A complete list of these corrections can be found on the American Pyschological Association website: www.apa.org.

Thursday, June 25, 2020

A Racial Revolution - Literature Essay Samples

Written during a time in which racial inequality is the norm, and people of color are looked upon as lesser beings, Mark Twain, in his landmark novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, pens a character in Jim who is the epitome of restrained maturity and understated grace. With the constant threat of being discovered and subsequently returned to his owner, Mrs. Watson, Jim maintains his remarkably composed demeanor, and serves as a surrogate father to the wild and uncontainable title character. While Jim does not play the marquee role in novel, he is in fact the most integral character, and may possibly be the only true responsible adult in the entire novel. A testament to Twains forward thinking, Jim functions as an intermediary between the uncultivated Huck and the outside world, while at the same time fighting for his own freedom and the right to live unburdened with his family. Thought of as more than a simple slave, as most blacks were in the time frame of Huck Finn, Jim garner s unusual respect; He was more looked up to than any nigger in that country. Strange niggers would stand with their mouths open and look him all over, same as if he were a wonder (6-7). This esteem is not solely from other slaves, but from Huck and Tom Sawyer as well. It becomes readily apparent that Jim is an intelligent, analytical man, who just happens to be colored. Completed in the late nineteenth century, Twain makes a bold decision when he writes the sympathetic character of Jim, who represents the authors not so subtle protests of the treatment of blacks in the South. Despite the objections of his contemporaries, however, Twain utilizes Jim as the protagonists guide, and in the process, exhibits a clear respect for the capabilities of all races.The clearest sign of respect Twain shows for Jim is in his moral strength, and the ability bequeathed upon him to use said strength in a positive way. On countless occasions, Huck requires Jims help in some manner, whether it be advic e on a complicated issue, or assistance in getting out of trouble. The most obvious occasion for this support is actually a deception; when Huck and Jim encounter a floating house on the Mississippi River, they find a corpse, covered by a piece of fabric. When Jim goes to identify the body, he realizes it is Hucks Pap, and, using his solid common sense, withholds the information from Huck in order to protect his fragile psyche. Instead, Jim frightens Huck with a superstitious tale, telling him, it would fetch bad luck; and besides, he said, he might come and hant us; he said a man that wasnt buried was more likely to go a hanting around than one that was planted and comfortable (58). This instance reconfirms Jims paternal position in the development of Huck, and it is clear that he is a far superior role model than Hucks biological father. In addition, the reader comes to recognize the respect Huck has for Jim, despite the fact that he holds the fate of the runaway slave in his youn g hands.A prominent theme in the novel is the use of superstitions, primarily by Jim, in accordance with long antiquated folklore passed down from generations past. Despite the surprising accuracy and usefulness of these myths, Huck is skeptical, and often times disagrees with Jims directives. Shortly after discovering Hucks father, Jim again warns Huck of potential bad luck, this time in the form of a discarded snakeskin. Instead of heeding his wiser and older friend, Huck places the snakeskin next to Jim as he sleeps, inducing another snake to come over and bite Jim. This is a clear example of Hucks youthful ignorance, mirrored against Jim and his well-earned knowledge. Despite their rolesas white and blackit is clear that the author does not differentiate in terms of intelligence or experience.Despite the revolutionary racial equality demonstrate throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, racism still plays a large role in the overall plot of the novel. In the era in which it s written, Huck Finn is an anomaly of understanding; however, there are definite traces of blatant racism incorporated. When separated in a dense fog late one night, Huck plays a trick on Jim, causing him to think he imagined being lost. When he finally realizes his friends deception, Jim is understandably upset, especially after his warm reception when Huck returned. Vocalizing his displeasure, Jim tells Huck, Dat truck dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey frens en makes em ashamed (95). Huck, realizing the mistake he has made, and seeing the hurt he causes his friend, is contrite. However, despite recognizing his error, and feeling bad about it, Huck is still hesitant to apologize, solely because Jim is black, and such and act contradicts the code of the South. Despite the unconventional situation Huck finds himself in, Huck eventually relents and apologizes; It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigge rbut I done it, and I warnt ever sorry for it afterwards, neither (95). This break in traditional, while minor in some respect, can be seen as a significant action in terms of race relations and the treatment of blacks in the South during this time.Further burdened with the constraints of conventional societal tropes, Huck faces a moral crisis: Should he assist Jim in running away from his rightful owner, Mrs. Watson, or should he turn his friend in to the authorities, as his upbringing would dictate? Huck ruminates to himself, What had poor Miss Watson done to you, that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? What did that poor old woman do to you, that you could treat her so mean (97)? However, despite his programmed racism, Huck relents, and realizing the value of his friendship with Jim, and the unfair nature of slavery, does not turn his friend over to the white establishment. It is this mutually valuable friendship that truly conver ts Huck, and he is ultimately swayed when Jim says, Jim wont ever forgit you, Huck; yous de bes fren Jims ever had; en yous de only fren le Jims got now (98). Huck, even at his young age, can see the special nature of their bond, and realizes more so than the majority of adults at the timethat the color of ones skin is unimportant in the grand scheme of things.Mark Twain, with his transcendent novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, takes a large, if not calculated risk, with the character of Jim, a runaway slave searching for literal and figurative freedom with a young Southern boy named Huck. These two, as unlikely a pair as you will encounter in literature, form an unbreakable bond that supercedes mere friendship and borders on a familial union. Jim, while not traditionally educated, is portrayed as intelligent and caring, two traits not commonly associated with blacks in the late eighteen hundreds. This intelligence is too hard to ignore, and while not the main character in th e novel, Jim steals the show, putting Twains slavery protest on center stage. Because of his insistence on equality and the portrayal of a black slave as more than a piece of meat, to be bought and sold, Twain has influenced writers for the past hundred years.